" Graciously permitted to be posted on
our website by;
Kathryn Sterling Herrmann, grand daughter
of the author, Dr. "Dick" Harrell. "
The
Harrell Family
of Brown County
By Dr. Fred "Dick" Harrell
CONTENTS
Prelude
Characters
A
Part of the Family History of Harrell
Missouri to Texas by Covered Wagon (1884)
Texas
an Empire
When
Cattle Ruled the Western Plains
The Phantom Lake
The
Long Trail
The
First Night in Camp
Neighbors on the Trail
The Blizzard
Indian Country
Quick
Sand
Range
Branding
The Roundup
The
Stray Steer
The Old Chisholm Trail
The
Drift Fence
Cow
Chip Fuel
Feud
at the Diamond Bar
The Oklahoma Run
A Stampede on the Chisholm Trail
Neighbors
The Haunted House
First Day in School
Camp
Meetings
Pony
Race
The Annual Dance
Texas Rangers
The Warden's Story
Conclusion
PRELUDE
The pages throughout this booklet
express a few of the high spots which stand out most vividly
in my memories during our move from Missouri and years spent
in Texas as a child and youth. Most business in the open
range country was spoken of in terms of cattle, open range,
corrals, roundups, rustling, branding, up trail, chaps, spurs,
boots, saddle, and bronco busting.
It was a great country, then
came the squatters like locusts by the thousands, small
patches put in cultivation here and there as more and
more land was put in and more and more big pastures fenced.
The free range grew less and less as breed cattle were
introduced and finally the open range passed and the country
became a place of fenced ranches and large farms. So the
free range and long horns passed into history.
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Contents
Characters
Since I am not a professional
magazine writer, it is probably wise to give you each
character's name lest you may become confused.
Father:
Jerome
Mother:
Phoebe Ann
Sister:
Alice
Sister:
Delia
Sister:
Ellie
Sister:
Nannie
Brother:
Edd
Brother:
Houston (Huse)
Half
Brother: Lafayette
Friend:
Bob Hall
YOURS TRULY: Fred (nicknamed Dick)
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Contents
A PART OF THE FAMILY HISTORY
OF HARRELL
The first Harrells originally came from Ireland, landing in
Boston. Some of them moved down into Virginia and the
Carolinas. My father’s parents came on through the
Cumberland Gap, landing in Tennessee, near the town of
Tazwell. My father, Jerome Ruben, was born there in
1835. After he became a young man, he moved on to
Buffalo, Missouri, and married Phoeba Anna Hurst, also from
Tazwell, Tenn., whom he had known in childhood. They
reared a family of seven children, and in 1884 the family
moved to Brown County, Texas; hence from then on my native
state until 1930, when my family and I moved to Kentucky,
which became my adopted state.
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Contents
MISSOURI TO TEXAS BY
COVERED WAGON IN 1884
Ma! I’ve been thinking today, you know everybody
says that Texas is a land of milk and honey, if there ever was
one. They say that all you got to do there to make a
living and get rich is register you a cattle brand and go to
branding them long horn Texas cattle. Everybody does it
and the first thing you know you own two or three thousand
head of them long horn cattle, don’t have to feed ‘em even
during the winter, that there mesquite or buffalo grass, as
some folks call it, just dries up on the prairies and makes
hay right there where it growed, don’t even have to gather
it."
"There is nothing out
there to buy but a branding iron to start with and a little
coffee and sugar. Everybody gets them a claim. The
Government gives it to them. Just gives it to them for
nothing and builds them a dugout, or adobe, that’s a house,
most of it dug out of the ground and something else, I think
they call it sod out there, cut it out of the grass and use it
to build higher and cover it. Plow up and sow enough
land for your bread as they say and go out on the range and
brand more cattle".
"Pa, I don’t want to
head anything more about such nonsense. Some of them
Harrisons has been wheedling you again. They were out
there a while or one of them was, and if it’s such a fine
country why didn’t they stay and brand more long horn
cattle and get rich? You know you can’t just begin
branding cattle unless you have some cattle yourself to start
with and Huse said in his letter that they were going
to make it against the law to do any more of that
mavericking, I think that’s what they call it, at any rate,
it’s just where you ride out on the range and rope and brand
a calf that has not been branded already, or does not
have anybody’s brand on it. Some of them out there
says it’s almost the same as stealing, except custom does
not look at it that way".
"Custom of the open range,
begods; brand anything you can get your rope on in your own
brand, Phoeba."
"Well, it may be the
custom but it looks powerful like stealing to me, just taking
someone else’s stock for nothing when you do such
stuff".
"Begods! I had not
though of it that way, Phoeba, you would have to have some
cattle to start with and sure enough mavericking is the next
thing to stealing them; looks to me, even if it is the custom
in the open range, you just have to get a few cattle of your
own and brand your own calves; but God! They multiply
fast as flies. Just think, brand a year or two, join the
big round-up, throw your cattle into the herd with other
stockmen and up the trail to market. The range is free,
absolutely free. Anybody can have a brand if it’s
different to everybody else's, and free range means just what
it says. The man with a few head of cattle has just as
much say over the range as the one with thousands of head.
No one person is allowed, according to custom, to fence
more land than he needs to cultivate for his bread or horse
pasture, even if it is his own land for there is no market for
anything but cattle. It’s a cattle country, I tell
you, a cattle country and it’s not used for any other
purposes or never will be and besides them cattle are not like
Missouri cattle, have to be sheltered and fed in the winter
time; they grow wild. Just brand your calves once a year
and in two or three years join the round-up and up the trail
again to market, com back with a pocket full of money and go
to branding again."
"Let’s go, Ma.
Huse is out there already and he says it’s fine
cattle country and nothing to do but just sit around and gas
with cronies and go out and brand, set around a while and go
brand more cattle". This was 17 year old Ed
talking, the oldest boy in the family at home. Huse, the
oldest boy, having then already been in Texas two years.
"Shut up, you big
cowman," demanded Alice, the oldest girl. "Ma
told you would have to have a few cattle of your own to start
with before you can brand and set around a while and brand
again. I’m not going, nothing out there but long
horn cattle, jack rabbits, coyotes, Chaparrals, antelope,
rattlesnake and a few mesquite bushes and cactus.
They don’t have parties or anything; the boys all wear
them big old hats and great big old spurs and high heeled
boots, leather belts and pistols; they wear leather trousers,
britches they call them out there."
"Oh, they do have dances
and lots of fun", replied Dick. "Huse said in
his letter, don’t you know that he had been to a big
dance and had a great time? The boys moved the man’s
bed, stove and everything out of his dugout and they
danced til midnight and then they all helped him move his
things back; that’s the way they have parties out there.
And don’t you remember he told about a candy pull
where they boiled a lot of syrup and the girls and boys would
get a lot of that and some grease or tallow on their hands and
pull together on it till it made almost white hard candy.
If that’s not fun, I’d like to know what you’d
call it and what did he say about broncho-busting?"
"Huse can do that some
himself and Fate is the best broncho-buster of anybody.
What would Missouri girls car about those old bucking
horses"?
"Not bucking horses,
pitching mustangs, that’s the Texas way of talking.
Bucking, you better learn range talk if you are going to
a cow country."
That night arrayed against the
proposed Texas trip were Ma (Phoeba Ann), Alice, and Delia.
Ellie and Nannie were too small to understand much about
the matter. Pa, Jerome, Ed, the oldest boy at home now
17, and Fred, better known as Dick, 5, nicknamed by his father
for what reason no one knows unless it was that he reminded
his father of one of his neighbors, who came up asking
questions and went away asking questions, never giving you the
time to answer one before asking another. It made him
fairly easy to talk with for it made no difference what your
answer was, he did not wait for it. So Dick was pretty
much a competitor for the title of question asking.
Consequently he won the title "Dick", because
of the similarity of Dick Johnson in the way of asking
questions, the king of question askers in Missouri. Dick
was small to his age and his father teased him considerably.
Nothing pleased him more than the big trade his father
would describe, and that was that Dick had traded legs with a
kildee and thrown in his ass to boot. If anyone asked
his father or mentioned him being small to his age, Dick would
say "Pap, tell ‘em why," which usually caused a
laugh all around and a few remarks from the other
children who seemed to always want to tease him and which he
himself rather enjoyed.
"Well, it’s 9 o’clock
Phoeba, the night is bad outside, what a great night for
sleeping, guess we better all go to bed and everybody
think and dream about this Texas trip. For begods!
I’ve just about made up my mind to go if you will all
join me, I mean Dick and I have." "Come on
Ellie," said Nannie, "we sleep on the trundle bed.
"Alice you and Delia sleep in the side room and get
plenty of cover for it’s cold in there."
"Come on Dick, you and I
sleep together in the other room," said Ed.
"I’m not going to
sleep with you", retorted Dick, "I want to sleep
with Pap, we want to talk about them wild Injuns and antelope
things, chaparrals, jack rabbits, coyotes and them prairie
dogs and - -"
"Oh shut up. You
know there are not any more wild Indians and them other
animals are harmless, they don’t eat people."
"Well, Huse said in his
letter anyone of them could outrun a mustang and if they can
do that, you know they can eat people, can’t they Pap?"
"Well, they are hardly
that ferocious Dick; run along now and don’t ask too many
questions."
Next morning when all the
family had gathered around the breakfast table, they had
hardly taken their seats, when Dick started the subject
by asking his mother why she did not want to go to Texas.
"Don’t you know, Ma, Pap
said last night that I could ride old Charley and have a
pistol and spurs, a quirt, lariat rope and a pair of
chaps. Alice said leather britches or trousers last
night, but chaps is what cow people call them, and maybe we
will shoot some injuns too and some of them other things Huse
wrote about and when we get there, I could have one of them
saddles. What kind of saddle did Huse have, Ed?"
"Stock saddle, Huse said
it took a whole cowhide to make leather enough for one of them
stock saddles, sometimes."
"Begods, Dick. I
imagine old Charley would look fine under one of them stock
saddles," said Pap. "They have long strings,
two belly bands, girths, stirrups, and horn strings and nickel
washer looking things all over them," said Dick.
"Couldn’t see any of old
Charley but the end of his tail and nose," remarked his
father. "Huse said them saddle horses have places
for lariat ropes, regular pockets for pistols, a place for
rolls, branding irons, slicker and blankets, even a place
under the big strap for a Winchester. Dick would have to
have a hundred pound sack of sugar in the seat of his britches
and a sack of bran in front so you could find him in one of
those stock saddles."
This remark brought a round of
tittering and laughter which Dick enjoyed as well as the
others.
"I’ll get Pap to buy me
a little stock saddle and I want him to buy me one of them
little ponies—pinto, paint, mustang or whatever they
call them. Huse said there was any color of them you
could think of. I want a white and black one Pap."
"Well, we’ll see about
it when we get there son; now you run along and don’t ask so
many questions and we’ll talk more about the little pony and
saddle later. Of course you will have to have a good
outfit if you are going to be a cowman and help in the
round-ups."
"Huse said he would get me
a lariat rope."
"Alright, alright; now run
along and feed old Sailor. Begods! Where does he
think up all of these questions Phoeba?"
"Must take after you folks
along that line. He can ask questions that Abe Lincoln
couldn’t answer. Why don’t you make him shut up
sometimes? He worries people with so many
questions."
"Well, I guess he is
right, for if you don’t ask a few questions as you go along,
you can’t expect to learn much. He has big ideas about
being a cowman."
Several days went by and not a
great deal more was said about the proposed Texas trip.
But everyone in the family knew their dad was
wholeheartedly set on making the trip. A day or two
after this conversation Ma called the girls all in and
said "Well, it looks as if your papa is determined to
make the move westward and I’ve been thinking it over a
great deal lately. Land is not cheap here any more, and
perhaps it would be a good move after all. I rather
suspect we would all like it out there. It’s a new
country and land can be homesteaded. What do you girls
say about it. Pa has already been offered a nice price
for the farm and those three Durham cows. He says he
will buy two brand new Springfield wagons, new bows and sheets
for them. And he can buy them four big, white Norman
mares from John Boath. There is Charley for Ed to
ride. Get a nice new tent and a good camp outfit and
says we would just take our time and camp whenever we
pleased. There are lots of movers going either to Texas
or Indian Territory. We would meet up with and probably
travel with for several days at a time. I am bound to
admit that I believe that I am taking that Western fever
myself."
"Well, it looks as if you
and Pap have almost got together, very little Delia and myself
can do about the matter. In fact we have been talking
things over ourselves, and have also been about to decide we
would like the trip."
"Well, we will have a
surprise for Pap when he and Dick come home tonight."
So when all had gathered around
the supper table, Ma broke the news to him and asked when we
could be ready to start.
"Whoopee! Go on ye
little doggies," shouted Dick, "Me and you are ready
to start in the morning ain’t we Pap?"
"No, hardly so soon as all
that son. It will take several days to get ready but I
will go in the morning and close the deal on the farm, and it
won’t be a very big job to get away in about two
weeks."
So the next day, Pap went over
and closed the deal and bought the mares and according to his
viewpoint, a finer amount of horseflesh could not have been
purchased anywhere nor at any price than both teams.
"May, you and girls can
name them, I did not think to ask Mr. Boath their names."
"All right, we will name
these two white ones "Mag and Nell" and the iron
grays "Flora and Dora". We had already picked
these names.
"Well, these are fine
names and suit them, Mag, Nell, Flora and Dora, and of course
Old Charley."
The next two weeks were busy
ones getting things ready for the long trip. Every day
neighbors called and offered free advice, no doubt some of
them in good faith, many just talking or letting off steam.
You will all starve to death, some of them would say.
Others would say, "Them tornados, and dust storms
will blow you all away." Or, "Some of the
family will be gored to death by one of them long horn
steers or be run over by one of them stampedes. They
have droughts that last for a year. Sometimes blizzards
come up so suddenly that one could freeze to death in an
hour." One neighbor said, "I hear cowboys
sometimes rope and shoot at their feet, make ‘em dance and
sing whether they can or not and do everything. Say they
don’t have laws and have Indian raids. Why the Indian
Territory is just separated from Texas by the Red River
and the quick sand in it sometimes swallows up wagons and
teams when they try to cross it."
Pap said, "Me and Dick
will take care of the bad cowboys and wild Indians, won’t we
Dick?"
"We won’t just hunt ‘em
up though, will we Pap, to get to shoot ‘em? Huse said
they wouldn’t hurt you if you let ‘em alone."
"Maybe not."
They all teased Dick so much
about wild Indians he was almost afraid to look westward for
fear he might see one in Missouri. Of course he would
say he’s not afraid of them just don’t want to shoot them.
This kind of talk would always cause him to stop talking
and when he talked again, it was on another subject not so
frightful to him.
The two weeks passed quickly
and everything needed for the long trip had been gotten
together. It was decided that a nice farewell party
should be given, all of the relatives and friends were invited
and the eventful night arrived. Everything had been
packed in the wagons, covers put on, and the tent made.
The only things left out were bedding and a few cooking
utensils. People came from the immediate neighborhood;
Buffalo, Urbana, and Millcreek. Several of Ma’s people
were fiddlers, so one or two of them brought their fiddles,
and the party was on. There was plenty of music, plenty
of cake, coffee and candy. Many couples danced and
everyone seemed to enjoy themselves. Twelve o’clock
came and it was time to go home, the goodbyes were said and
plenty of free advice was given. The parting of friends
and relatives brought many tears. Finally the goodbyes
were over and the guests all took their leave. Beds were
put down, and pallets spread on the floor. Soon all the
family were asleep and perhaps some of them dreaming of the
long trail ahead.
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TEXAS AN EMPIRE
No doubt few people stop to
give thought to the immense size of the lone star state.
It consists of 265,896 square miles, 254 counties,
some of them as large as the state of Connecticut. I am
frequently asked the question, "Since you were reared in
Texas and probably been in every part of the state, what kind
of country is it?" I often respond by asking them
the question, "What part of Texas?" Texas
covers more territory than France, Belgium, Holland and
Denmark combined. A Texas editor has described the size
of the state in these words, "If you tip the state up and
drop it north like a tossed pancake, it would knock down the
skyscrappers in St. Paul, north; El Paso would drop into
the Atlantic, South; and the state would blot out most of
Mexico. If all the people in the United States were put
into Texas it would then scarcely be two-thirds as crowded as
England.
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WHEN CATTLE RULED THE
WESTERN PLAINS
Long
horn cattle, imported from Spain during the time when Texas
belonged to that country, flourished and multiplied,
spreading over the vast semi-arid interior. Long before
the Civil War, hundreds of thousands of long horns were
grazing on the plains of West Texas, millions of acres of the
best breeding grounds. So great were the numbers that
often cattle men lost track of them. When the first
settlers moved into this region, they found great bands of
these cattle roaming over most of Texas, half wild, to which
no one could lay claim. There was very little market for
beef, the price being so low that great numbers were
slaughtered only for their hides and tallow. Here is
where the system of raising cattle on the open range
developed. Here too is where the methods of the cow
country and the equipment of the cowboy were devised. It
has been stated by old timers, who knew the cattle business,
that if all the cattle then living east of the Mississippi
River had been driven out into the Great Plains they would
hardly have made an impression on the vast prairies drained by
the Arkansas, Red River, and their tributaries. General
Luther Bradley, reporting to the war department in 1868, after
an extended tour of different army posts in these regions,
wrote, " I believe that all the herds in the world could
find ample pasturage on these level, rolling slopes where
grass grows and ripens from year to year." At this
time, Texas had no way of getting its cattle to market except
by forming big herds and driving over the trails to Abilene or
Dodge City, Kansas, the nearest shipping points.
It was in the seventies (1870’s) that the long
horns began moving up these trails in large numbers.
With the cattle came the lure of the cow camp and the
open range, which became the essential part of frontier life.
It was in the fall of 1884, the West was being settled
by people from almost every eastern state. Talk of the
West was on almost every tongue, scarcely a day passed that
the glamour and thrill of Texas and Indian territory was not
pictured by someone who had just returned or friends who had
already succumbed to the thrill and desire to become a
cattleman and had gone to the cattle country and free open
range. From a short distance beyond the pine timbers in
middle Texas, stretches of prairie extended west to the Rio
Grande River and from the Gulf of Mexico north for hundreds of
miles. This vast domain was dotted with mesquite or
buffalo grass native to the semi-arid climate. Long horn
cattle roamed these prairies by the hundreds of thousands,
many were unbranded and had no owners. These cattle were
of medium stature, sturdy, hardy, and could rough it through
the winter months with no food other than the cured grass
from the few summer rains.
Small settlements of adobe built homes were scattered
along streams and places where water could be found, for it
was not known by these early cattlemen that in many places
underground water was plentiful from a depth of only a few
feet. Antelope, prairie chickens, quail and plover were
plentiful. Other wild animals common to the country were
coyote, badgers, skunks, prairie dogs, jackrabbit, chapperals
(road runners), and rattlesnakes all by countless
millions. Portions of the country support scrub oak, low
mesquite trees, cactus, sage brush, cottonwood, and
greasewood. The small streams where in most cases dry
with only sand and gravel along the beds. Past the
caprock lay the great staked plains, for hundreds of miles the
country was as level as a table, broken only now and then by
an arroyo (dry canyon or creek). This, in the earlier
days, was the home of the buffalo and the antelope now
practically extinct save only for a few domestic herds kept by
ranchers for the sake of novelty.
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THE PHANTOM LAKE
On these vast, level prairies vision was deceptive.
Many a poor prospector who had lost his way, was led on
and on when he and his mount were starving for water by what
appeared to be a lake only to see it disappear entirely and
turn out to be a reflection of dry prairie grass. There
were watering holes here and there throughout these vast
prairies but unless one had previously been across the plains
with someone who knew the places, it was almost impossible to
find them. Later, rough sketches or maps were made and
used to guide people on their perilous journey across these
great plains. Still later, stakes were placed or driven
into the ground at intervals of several miles to show one the
dim trail. This gave the name to this level body of
land, Staked Plains (Llano Estauncado), and is mentioned by
that name today in Texas history.
We must now leave the remainder of the rolling country,
great plains, forests and groves to your imagination and
return to Buffalo, Missouri, to the home of the Harrell’s
who now with thrill of the trip, had agreed to exchange their
densely populated country, comfortable home and friends for
the trip by covered wagons to Texas, a new country and new
associates. More than 1000 miles away, through wild and
rugged mountainous forests, prairies with many treacherous
streams to cross and through the Indian
territory. At this time Indians were supposed to be
tame or partially civilized though at times, they would form
raids and cause considerable trouble. They would steal
horses, cut down wagons and once in a great while kill the
emigrants. These raids occurred occassionally for the
country was now guarded by soldiers from forts scattered at
great distances. Small settlements were springing up
here and there and in some places, small farms had been put
into cultivation and the country had begun taking on some of
the aspects of communities in the east from where the settlers
had come. This however, was in the extreme eastern
part of Oklahoma and Texas. Beyond this, it was almost
like a wilderness.
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THE LONG TRAIL
The next morning before
daybreak, all the family was up and the women folks prepared
breakfast. Ed and his friend, who was to accompany the
family, were out early to feed the horses and have everything
ready to start. Breakfast over, everything was put in
place, teams were hitched to the wagons and old Charley
saddled. Pap took the driver’s seat in the big wagon,
which was to be drawn by Mag and Nell, and Dick was perched
behind him. Ma and the girls were in the other
wagon, drawn by Flora and Dora. Ed mounted old Charley
and his friend Bob mounted his horse. Pap looked back to
the other wagon and hollered, "Everybody ready?"
"All right, let’s be going?" "Get
up Mag, come on Nell." The big white animals leaned
against their traces, the wagon began moving. The second
wagon followed, Ed and his friend galloped past the wagons to
take the lead and the movers were on their way. The
family passed many familiar places the first few hours and
stopped to say goodbye to neighbors and friends at several
homes. By ten o’clock the movers had passed beyond the
boundaries of their immediate neighborhood and settled down to
a steady gait. Noon arrived and the wagons came to a
stop at a small spring branch where lunch was prepared, the
horses were fed, and after a short rest, they were
on their way again. The four big draft animals
pulled their wagons with a steady gait. Hour after hour
throughout the long afternoon, the wagons moved on over rough
and rocky roads, over hills and mountain curves. In
those days roads were scarcely more than trails. There
was not much travel and when the going became too rough, mud
holes too deep or creeks and hills too difficult to cross or
climb, one team was unhitched from its load and coupled to the
wagon in front of the other team. After crossing or climbing
the grade, both teams were then returned to the second wagon,
which they drew across in the same manner. Then each
team was returned to its respective wagon and the procession
moved on as before.
Late in the afternoon as the
sun dropped low in the western horizon and the shadows
lengthened, everyone felt the thrill and pleasure which comes
with the experience of a new adventure.
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THE FIRST NIGHT IN CAMP
Shortly after camp was made, a big bright log fire was
burning and casting its rays of flickering light into the
thick trees and underbrush. Dick had a few questions he
wished to ask and began propounding them, principally to
his father who was standing as near the fire as was
comfortable and to be sure that the others were between him
and the dark woods. His first question was, "Pap,
you think there might be some wild Injuns near in the woods?
Could we hear them if they came through the woods and do
you think they would kill us if we did not bother them?"
"You know Huse said they would not. Are you
afraid? Would old Sailor bite them and keep them scared
away?" "No, son, there are no Indians in this
country and none of us are afraid." Ed spoke up and
said, "Well, there can’t be any danger since Dick has
been appointed the main boss of the outfit and of course he is
not afraid." Silence, with everyone watching his
reactions. He spoke meekly, "Humph! Boss
kinda fraid though."
After the first night or two out, everyone seemed to
realize the wagons, tent and lonesome road would be their
home for several weeks and camp life became as familiar as
life in their Missouri home had been. Each day took them
through great forests, glades and over hills, farther and
farther from their native home and no doubt they talked and
wondered if any of them would ever return.
Many days passed with the same monotonous routine.
Nothing of major importance happened and within a week
the procession had passed out of their native state into the
northwest corner of Arkansas and headed for Indian Territory
and the great western cattle country beyond, which everyone
was hearing so much about.
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NEIGHBORS ON THE TRAIL
The next day’s travel was started and after going a
few miles, we came to a big creek, which the crossing looked
to be impossible. While talking the matter over and
trying to decide the safest way to get across, two wagons
drove up and stopped. These turned out to be two
families going our way. In those days, it was always a
pleasure to have company and soon all the families were
acquainted and it was decided the four wagons would travel
together. Ed and Bob mounted their horses and rode into
the stream to test the depth and examine the banks on the
opposite side. It was seen that the water would be so
deep as to get into the wagon beds and cause the horses to
have to swim. The far bank was very slick and
steep, but it was decided to double team and place everything
in the wagon on boxes and chairs in order to get them out of
the reach of water. This was arranged and the first
wagon drove into the stream, the four big animals took the
water quietly until about half way across, then suddenly they
were seen to almost become submerged and then rear and lunge.
The water came almost to the sideboards of the wagon,
water rolled up against the front end-gate, the animals kept
rearing, jumping and lunging until shallow water was
reached; then up the steep, slick, muddy bank, pulling with
all their might, but finally reaching the top level ground.
This seemed to give the team much confidence as well as
the family, and the new acquaintances. Finally all the
wagons had made the treacherous trip across. By this
time, it was noon and everyone in each family pitched in and
the lunch was served together. During the conversation,
it was learned that one of the families was going to the
western part of the Indian Territory and traveling the same
road with us for many miles. Each night the two families
camped near each other. The older ones would gather
around one or the other camp fires and the talk was mostly of
the west and just where was the most prosperous location.
However, my father knew exactly where we were bound, he
did not consider for one moment changing his course.
While the parents were enjoying themselves in
conversation around the fire, we children played hide and
seek, ring-around-the-rosy and pussy wants a corner, but the
greatest thrill came when we would see who would venture
farthest out into the dark by themselves. There was
always the talk of wild Indians when this game was in progress
and it would wind up by all of us closing in around the fire
and usually someone had the story to relate that we had seen a
shadow, at least something which very much resembled an
Indian, but the more frightful things seemed, the greater the
thrill and pleasure. The family, father and mother with
their two children, Ida and Joe Williamson, traveled with us
for seven days and finally we came to the parting of the ways.
This was almost like breaking away from our old home and
friends again, after saying the goodbyes and seeing them drive
away. We never heard of the Williamson’s again.
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THE BLIZZARD
After separating from our good traveling neighbors, a
few days passed. One day, about noon, someone noticed a
low, dark, streak which resembled settling smoke reaching from
the west around into the north horizon. As the afternoon
wore on, it was noticed that the cloud grew larger and darker.
The day had been exceptionally mild and balmy, almost
warm, though it was in December. By late in the
afternoon, it could be seen what was in store for the movers.
It meant one of those fierce, sweeping, sudden
blizzards, filled with cold sleet, rain and snow, which was
common to that country. Finally, the dense, dark, sullen
cloud could be seen approaching nearer and nearer, the sun
became obscure and the cloud appeared to be boiling and
rolling on the ground as if pushed by some unseen monstrous
power. Soon big drops of rain began falling here and
there, suddenly the wind hit with terrific force, the elements
grew dark and the temperature began to drop. Within an
hour the wagons were covered with a thin sheet of ice, the
grass and small shrubs began bending under this heavy load.
The big Normans began sniffling, snorting
and turning their heads away from the cutting, biting
wind and sleet. It was decided to find a sheltered nook
and make camp. Soon the wagons rounded a low hill and
came to stop in a grove of cottonwood near a small running
brook. The teams were hurriedly unhitched from the
wagons, watered and made fast. The tent was put up and
every thing made ready for several days camp, for it was seen
that the ‘norther’ would be severe and probably not clear
up for several days. Supper was served and everyone
retired early since it was too cold to sit around the fire and
talk. All through the night the wind shrieked through
the tall cottonwoods, through the tent and wagon covers the
sleet and wind could be heard to mourn and creak.
Shortly before daybreak, the wind suddenly ceased, the
sleet stopped falling, the elements grew quiet, and it was
thought that the storm had probably passed. But soon
after daybreak, large flakes of snow began to fall, growing
heavier and heavier and by noon the ground was covered with
several inches of feathery snow. It was again seen that
several days would pass before camp could be broken and the
long trail entered for the second lap of the journey.
While in camp, there were many things to be done,
harness and ropes must be repaired, plenty of wood must be
carried in, the horses fed, curried, and exercised
at regular intervals, clothing and bed linen must be
washed and ironed, food prepared and boiled, for all the food
had been fired during the short intervals of camp during the
previous two weeks. The two boys decided to hunt, game
was found to be plentiful and very seldom did they return from
their hunting empty handed. One day it would be wild
duck, next day quail or prairie chicken. The country
seemed to be literally covered with an abundance of wild game
and it is not at all surprising when we consider there were
great distances between settlements, possibly in many places
for miles and miles the report of a gun had never been heard.
Hunting in a place like this, where one was almost
certain of success, kept the boys in good spirits, for where
is the boy or man who does not love the feel of a good gun
when in a land where he knows there is an abundance of game
and no law on the bag limit.
During these days in camp, the boys kept the table
replenished with different kinds of wild meat. Games of
checkers and cards were played, tales were told, occasionally
good story books were read and the entire time taken up with
some form of recreation. The third morning daylight came
with clear skies, the sun arose and by ten o’ clock the snow
and ice had begun to melt. The roads would be
muddy and the going somewhat difficult. It was,
however, decided to break camp and once more start
traveling. The temperature rose gradually and once more
became pleasant.
After a few days, they were getting pretty well down
near the open prairies of Indian
Territory, every now and then an Indian hut could be
sighted and occasionally a small settlement of white people.
Then there would be stretches of mile after mile when
not another human being would be seen, a small herd of cattle
would be passed, a deer would be seen, perhaps a prairie
chicken to rise and fly.
One night, our camp was made near an Indian hut and
while supper was being prepared two Indian women were noticed
approaching the camp. This caused considerable
speculation as to what might be their mission. On
arrival and after much grunting and pointing at several
different things, it was learned that they wished to trade a
bucket of eggs for coffee, and while they could not speak a
word of English, were very pleasant and made many
gestures of friendship. But we children were glad
to see them take their coffee and leave for we had heard many
weird stories of the Indians and could scarcely believe that
they did not really want our scalp, instead of coffee.
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INDIAN COUNTRY
After many days travel in Indian Territory, one
afternoon camp was made early, for the day had been strenuous
for everyone including the teams. It had rained the
entire day and a level place was selected for the camp near a
lake and in a pine grove. The tent was again set up and
soon another bright wood fire was burning in front and supper
being prepared. Anyone who has never really camped can
hardly conceive of the beauty, coziness, and thrill of a camp
in such a sparsely settled land where the beautiful forests,
streams, lakes and wildlife had scarcely been touched by the
so-called civilized white man’s ax or gun. There were
no white settlements within many miles, and there was a slight
uneasiness among the women folk, but the night passed and
nothing happened to alarm anyone.
The next morning it was decided that a few days rest
would be a benefit to the teams. They had traveled two
weeks without rest except when in camp at night and the two or
three days camp in Arkansas and East Indian territory.
However, the horses, although tired, were well kept for
my father would not allow them to be mistreated. I can
remember many times when he would see someone mistreating an
animal, he invariably would remark that the poor animal, no
doubt, had more sense than its master. On the entire
trip I do not remember ever having seen him abuse or strike
either team in anger. His kindness to dumb brutes is my
heritage, for I never see a man abusing an animal that I am
not reminded of his remark and my sympathy invariably is with
the animal. These few days in camp passed with the same
routine, different games were played, the boys hunted, brought
in plenty wild ducks and quail. There was much talk of
the old friends who had been left behind and of the new ones
to be made, the difference in the customs of the old and
new countries. Everyone was now becoming anxious to
cross the Red River and get into Texas. After two days
camp rest, they were again on their way and in due time came
to Red River and the border of what was to be their adopted
state and home.
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QUICK SAND
The river, like most all north and west Texas rivers,
was shallow, but the river bed was filled with quick sand from
bank to bank. There were several covered wagons ready to
make the treacherous crossing and everyone expressed
their opinion as to the danger of trying to ford across. But
there was no other way, and after one or two trips across on
horseback it was decided to place two teams to each wagon to
be pulled across. Several men on horseback stood by and
assured them that they would rush to their aid in case a wagon
stalled. The first wagon was driven and made
the trip across with ease. It was then seen that if
the wagons kept moving and were not allowed to stop, it was
safe. After many trips with the teams across and back to
double team, all the movers were safely on the Texas side.
By this time it was growing late and camp was made.
In this train of wagons, there were several men and
their wives and many grownups and children. Everyone was
acquainted by now and after the supper hour most everyone
gathered together and were talking, the older men and women of
where they were going to make their home. There were
musical instruments and musicians, several who sang songs,
solos and occasionally, old and young joined together to sing
some sacred songs. It was a grand night and a great
party for everyone. The next morning everyone was
getting things ready to start the next lap of the journey.
Some were going only a short distance, others were going
as far as Fort Worth, the last town of any size with a
railroad. Others were billed for the western part of the
state. My father’s brother, who had been in Texas
several years, lived near the town of Grapevine. Of
course, this is where we would make a few days camp. We
rounded the point of a small hill that afternoon and sighted
Uncle John’s home. It was a nice lumber house, painted
white, big corrals, gates, and out-buildings. He was
still near town and railroad, and could get lumber for
improvements. This part of the country was fairly
densely populated for that early date.
We were all delighted to meet our kinfolks. None
of us except my father had ever seen any of them and he had
not seen any of Uncle John’s folks. We stayed several
days. There were several children in the family for
us to play with. During our stay the weather was cold,
the creeks and ponds froze over so the children put in much
time skating and at other times playing different
kinds of games.
My uncle raised ponies which were driven out farther
west and sold to ranches for cow ponies. I had never
seen so many pretty ponies. They were just as Huse had
written about, almost every color; sorrells, bays, grays,
blacks, yellow, cream colored and paints. My uncle gave me my
choice of the ponies and of course it was a beautiful animal,
a painto, but as wild as an antelope and there was no one in
my family who could have ridden him even the first jump.
So the pretty little pony had to be left with my uncle
with the promise that when we were located and I had learned
to bust broncos, I could return and claim the pony. I do
not remember ever parting with any animal that caused me so
much grief for a few days, but there were so many new sights
and thrills to occupy my mind and time, and soon I had
practically forgotten about the beautiful painto. We
stayed in Fort Worth a few days. This was grand after
having been on the road about four weeks. Fort Worth as
really a boom town, it had a new railroad, street shows of
every description and people of every kind. Cattlemen,
horse traders, bone haulers, gamblers, and fakers of every
conceivable nature. The town at night resembled some
noted seashore pavilion, the streets and sidewalks were
jammed. There were amusements of almost every
description. Everywhere, that was before the day of
radio or mechanical music, it seemed that every other door on
either side of the street was aglow, and the music was mostly
from fiddles, banjos and organs. There were not many
violinists but many fiddlers, dance halls, saloons, shooting
galleries, and on the street, soap box orators and an
occasional street preacher. During the day, it was
horses trading, cattle selling and conversations which
usually included where was the best place to locate, or where
are you from, and to what part of the state are you going?
There were big herds of cattle from the west for this
now was a big shipping point. Men with four to six
horse wagons loaded with bones, others with horns and still
others with only cowhides for sale. Many of the hides
were so green or fresh one could sniff the odor from them for
several blocks. One might wonder where so many bones,
hides and horns could have been collected. If you could
have made a trip across western Texas during early spring at
that time, you would have easily seen. As cattle
wintered themselves on the dried grass, they were always poor
by spring. As soon as the new grass began shooting, they
would quit eating the dried grass. The difficulty of trying to
get enough of the young tender green grass, they lost flesh
and many of them would become so poor and weak when they laid
down they would find themselves too weak to rise.
After a few days they would die of hunger. At
this time of year, one riding over the country would scarcely
ever be out of sight of a carcass. This loss was
expected on the range and figured as an estimated loss.
Each spring every man who owned cattle, knew
approximately how many he would lose each year. Cowhides
sold at about $1.00 per hide. Many people made their
living by riding the distant range and skinning dead cattle
for their hide. No doubt in many instances,
where it was seen that the cow could not regain her
strength, she was killed and skinned and nothing further said
about the matter. Bones and horns were gathered by wagon
load, although prices were low, there was always a market for
them.
Professional horse traders, with as many as ten or
twelve horses tied together, were numerous. There were a
few ox teams, but there were, by far, more horseback riders
than any others. After staying in a wagon yard for
several days and seeing the big town, we were on our way again
and on our last lap and destination of the long journey,
Brownwood, 140 miles west of Fort Worth. Towns now were
small and far between, Granbury, Dublin, Comanchie,
Stephensville and Brownwood. Our half-brother, Fate, and
own brother, Huse, we learned, lived ten miles from Brownwood,
but we did not even know in what direction. But it did
not take us long to find someone who could direct us to the
Lewis ranch where my brother was living with my half-brother
and his grandmother Lewis. She had gone to Texas before
the Civil War and had taken my half-brother, who was only a
few weeks old, having lost his mother at birth. After
getting the information and directions, we were on our way
with only ten more miles between us and our final destination.
We passed only one or two houses or adobes on our way.
Along in the afternoon, we crossed Jim Ned Creek,
then went up a level valley and sighted the Lewis ranch
headquarters. What a relief, after almost six weeks on
the road. Half hidden by wild china and cottonwood
trees, the main house and scattered buildings and bunk
houses with the big corrals of heavy cottonwood logs, the
Lewis headquarters were spread along the west bank of Jim Ned
Creek. To the west, as far as your eyes could see,
the level prairie with its abundance of cured mesquite grass
from the previous summer rains, an endless gray carpet.
After meeting Grandma Lewis, who none of us children had
ever seen, Ed’s first question was, where was Huse?
They were told that he, being new and yet considered an
eastern tenderfoot, was guarding a flock of sheep up the
valley near the creek. Soon they were on their way
and after traveling more than a mile they topped a rise, they
saw smoke and beyond that, a flock of sheep. The boys
rounded the point of the hill and came upon Huse seated at a
small fire. Of course, the sheep were promptly rounded up and
brought to their corral and the boys proceeded to the house to
meet father, mother, brother and sisters, for Huse, as
previously stated, had been away from them for more than two
years. Later in the afternoon, our half brother, Fate,
who we children had never seen, arrived. He was a grown
man, married, and the father of two children. Wesley and
Frank were near the same age as myself. The next day was
a great day for all of us after having been cooped up in
wagons and tent for six weeks. We children played and
romped over the level grounds, along the creek banks, through
the big corrals and among the bunk houses. These
were sights which we had never seen.
Sunday, the third day after our arrival, was set apart
as bronco busting day for our half-brother and the other
cowboys to show us the ways and the skill of cowboys and their
ability to ride, rope and brand. Soon after breakfast
several of the men donned their big brim hats, leather chaps
and spurs, mounted their wiry ponies and rode out to drive in
the herd of wild horses from which they pick their bronco.
We learned that Fate was considered the best rider of
the entire number of cowhands on the Lewis ranch, and that he
would be the star rider for that day. After an hour or
two of wistful watching, there appeared a cloud of dust
in the distance. Soon a herd of horses was approaching
at breakneck speed, men on either side of the herd and others
bringing up the rear. There was nothing for the poor
animals to do but be forced into the big, wide gate of the
corral, the gate closed and was made fast. There were
many colors and among them, which attracted my attention, were
two big, shapely pintos almost exactly like the one I had left
at Uncle John’s place. The horses were as wild as
caribou. The majority of them had never been in a corral
or had a hand on them. They all crowded together and
would rush one way and the other and so frightened that it was
really pathetic to people like us, who had been accustomed to
gentle stock. Everybody was gathered near the
corral, several of the men on the top of the fence.
After much teasing and joking, Fate picked up his
lariat, stepped inside the corral, formed a loop in the rope,
gathered the remaining loop of fifty feet of rope in his left
hand, and suggested that the helpers cut a big bay
and start him around the fence. This was done,
although several other horses followed the bay. We could
not understand how he could throw a rope over onto this bunch
of horses and rope the selected one. We were not kept in
suspense very long for he gave the loop two or three whirls
over his head and threw the rope into the running herd.
The rope, as graceful as the man on the flying trapeze,
settled over the head end around the neck of the big bay and
the fight was on.
After several men grabbed hold of the rope, the big bay
jumping, kicking and snorting, they finally gathered in the
rope until they were near his head. They took him by
each ear and his nose, holding his head low so that he could
not rear and paw, the bridle was put on and a handkerchief was
tied across and over his eyes as a blindfold. He was
still held in this position when Fate approached with his big,
sixty-pound saddle. Blanketed and saddled he was now
ready for the supreme moment. My mother begged him not
to get on that awful horse, some of the children cried, but
his wife and own children only joked and laughed. They
had seen much of this and they knew that the horse would be
ridden. Soon he mounted the animal, reached up and took
his big hat by its brim and said for them to turn him loose.
The animal leaped high into the air, to the
right and to the left, bawling and snorting. Fate
whipped him with his big hat first on one side then the other,
holding his spurs tight against the horse’s sides.
Many of the people were hollering and laughing, some
standing bewildered, but most of us newcomers or tenderfoots
were frightened and the women were crying. For it looked
as if nothing but a miracle could keep the brute from
dislodging and killing the rider. Once the horse paused,
reared straight up and Fate slipped off gracefully as the poor
horse fell backward. The horse rolled over and as it
arose, the rider stepped into the stirrup and into the saddle
lightly and gracefully. Soon the horse’s strength was
actually exhausted and he stopped still, panting with his head
hanging almost to the ground. This procedure in horse
riding was beyond anything we had ever seen. Bronco
busting today is only a joke compared to that day, but do not
allow this to cause you to believe that Fate was the only
one of these Lewis ranch hands that could ride, for the
boys took turns riding other ponies which were just as bad as
the big bay. This was a part of their sport and
recreation and almost a daily occurrence. During this
time, outdoor picnics were common and wherever you attended
one of these gatherings, you were certain to see numerous
bronco ridings. People came from miles around. If
there was a shortage of broncos, almost any horse would do.
All you had to do was give him a thumb and he could
probably pitch as hard as any other.
We stayed several days at Grandma Lewis’ ranch, but my
father was anxious to get settled in his own home.
Neither he nor any of the family relished the idea of
having to live out a homestead and live in an adobe,
though we all liked the country very much. He was told
that a man living out his homestead wished to sell the place,
so Father lost no time in getting in touch with the man and
had soon bought the place, putting in the two fine teams as
partial payment. We were all delighted, for the house
was considered an extra nice one for that time, five rooms
built of lumber, which had been hauled from Fort Worth, 140
miles away. Also corrals, sheds and other outbuildings
situated 200 yards from the creek and surrounded on the sides
by live oaks, north and east by small clearing or farm,
west by the Walker farm. We were all delighted to live
in such a nice home and surroundings. There was quite a
settlement in this valley, six families down the valley in as
many miles. All had fairly good houses, but north and
south, neighbors were many miles from us. After getting
settled and acquainted with all neighbors, we soon found the
ways and customs of the country were easy to model and soon we
were western folks ourselves and felt at home in the new
country. My father registered a brand and soon we owned
several hundred cattle, but he had been a farmer all his life
and could not be satisfied in the cattle business. Soon
he had cleared a nice farm and turned his attention to raising
cotton instead of cattle, for by now one could fence his own
land if used for a farming purpose. A few handfuls of
cottonseed given to a cow on the lift, many times gave them
strength to get on their feet again and finally grow fat and
ready for the herd.
MILCH COWS. Long horn cows were wild and poor milk
givers. It was estimated that one cow to each of the
family gave fairly an adequate amount of milk. When a
family needed a milch cow, they paid no attention or cared to
whom it belonged or whose brand she bore. They rode out
on the range and found a cow with a calf and drove her in and
penned her. She always had to be roped and tied to be
milked. They hardly ever became gentle and most of them
had to be done this way regardless of how long she gave milk.
After a few years, a few of the better milk stock cattle
were brought in and, after three or four years, most every
family in the neighborhood owned a few fairly good milch
cows. I am reminded of the boy whose family lived in New
York City and owned a cattle ranch in Texas. The boy was
very fond of milk and decided that he would go out to his
father’s ranch where he could have plenty of milk and become
a cowboy. After he had been there a few weeks and had
not yet had a taste of milk, he was becoming very much
discouraged and one morning after breakfast, he joined some of
the other boys on the front porch, not taking part in the
conversation. He walked to the edge of the porch and
gazed across the prairie for several minutes, finally yawned,
stretched his arms and said, "I’ll be damned if you can’t
see further and see more cattle and less milk than any other
country I’ve visited." He did not stay and become
a cowboy .
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RANGE BRANDING
With thousands of cattle belonging to so many different
ranches scattered over the wide prairies, branding was
necessary. Each owner selected a letter, number, or
sign, which was registered according to the law, and stamped
upon the animal with a hot branding iron. This was
permanent proof that the animal was his. No coat of arms
was ever more zealously guarded by ancient noblemen that a
cattleman’s brand. It was usually found stamped upon
his corral gates, sheds, saddle, chuck wagon, Winchester,
six-shooter, spurs, and other equipment. To alter
another’s brand was the gravest crime of the range.
Every spring a roundup was staged and cattlemen for
miles and miles around would round-up their stock, throw them
into one big herd and brand calves with the same brand which
was on their mothers. This way everything was fair.
Many calves or yearlings were found frequently which had
been separated or lost from their mothers and had not been
branded. In such cases, the animal was considered a
maverick and belonged to the man who put his brand on first.
Many men began their cattle career by branding
mavericks, later to own thousands of head of long horns.
Finally, this began being looked upon as a kind of
racketeering and according to range law, which is
unwritten, became a crime. Then, if a stray animal was
found without a brand, one could post a description of it in a
paper or circular twice and if no owner called to claim the
animal, could go ahead and place his brand on it and the
animal was his.
A few of the famous brands of that day were: a large
letter "R" placed upon the left side of the animal.
That always meant a road brand, and that the animal
belonged on the trail. The Triangle, Three Bar,
Lazy Y, Seven L, B Bar, and others too numerous to mention,
were also brand in use at that time. Brands were known
by cattlemen for hundreds of miles away. Most ranches
kept a book which showed all registered brands throughout the
entire state as well as adjoining ones. So in the place
of one looking for a specific lost steer, he really looked for
his brand.
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THE ROUNDUP
In the spring of 1892, there was a roundup near our home
and thousands of cattle brought together. This took many
days as these cattle which were brought in, had to be
herded on grazing ground away from the main camp. I was
large enough at the time to get a big thrill when, on many
occasions, I was allowed to go to the camp with my father.
From our house we could hear cowboys hollering and
singing and cattle lowing from early in the morning and all
through the day. It was a constant roar until they were
bedded down for the night. Each day there were roping
and branding by some of the hands while others were out on the
range gathering more cattle. Finally, when the cattle
were all rounded up and the roundup was over, the cattle were
all branded with their respective brands and everything was
put in order. Many local cattle, which were caught in
the roundup, were cut out and the herd was started on the
trail. Cowboys seemed to always be happy and enjoying
their work. It was a thrilling sight to see them lope
across the prairie on their different missions, singing or
whistling. One of the songs, which was popular when
getting ready for uptrail, as it was called, was:
"I have bartered my sheets for a star-lit bed,
I have traded my suit for chaps and I have swapped
Old roan for a mustang male,
And am heading for the end of the Chisholm Trail."
Often times, the next morning after a herd of cattle had
passed or left from the roundup grounds, it would be noticed
that some of our cattle and probably some of our neighbors
cattle were missing. We knew, of course, that they had
gotten into the big herd. It seemed to be their nature
to go in droves. Even milch cows would leave their
calves and stray into the herd. When found to be
missing, my father and other men would saddle their horses and
overtake the herd, find the main boss and after explaining the
matter of the missing cattle, he would have his hands ride
through the herd and find our brand, cut them out and get them
started back. Most all men who held the honor of being
boss of a big trail herd could be trusted, but if the boss was
not so honest, his men knew to not look so carefully to find
your brand, and your cattle were driven on and marketed with
the others. This was finally made unlawful and the
buyers at the end of the trail would not buy a cow unless she
showed the letter "R" on the left side, meaning road
brand, and the animal really belonged to the herd.
However, the value of one or two animals in that day
meant little and sometimes the owners would not waste their
time in overtaking the herd and making the search for the lost
animals. I remember one incident which happened during
the roundup just mentioned. During the previous winter
we had noticed a four year old blue roan steer, which had
never been branded, constantly with our cattle. My
father intended to post, as it was called, a notice in the
newspaper with its description, and if no owner showed up to
claim it, we were going to put our brand on him.
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THE STRAY STEER
With many of the boys who were working in the roundup,
one of them, a sub-boss (Sheb Byrd), was a cousin of my
half-brother. He was at our home one afternoon and my
father called his attention to a big roan steer, which was a
stray, and told him what he intended to do about branding the
steer after he had been advertised in a newspaper according to
law. Sheb looked the animal over and promised to keep a
lookout for him, but with a twinkle, stated that the steer
would make good beef. The matter was forgotten and a day
or two after the herd had started on, my father came home
one afternoon to find a nice quarter of beef hanging in a tree
in our yard. Of course we knew that it came from the
roundup, for such was customary at the time. The next
day or two passed, the herd had gone on when it was noticed
that the fat roan steer was not with our cattle anymore.
My father said, "I wonder if that boy has butchered
my roan steer. Probably we are eating our own
beef." He decided to saddle his horse and ride over
to the roundup grounds. Before he had ridden many miles,
he rounded a sharp corner in a canyon and a bunch of shrubs
and cactus, his horse shied to one side. He rode up
a little nearer and behold! There lay the head of our
roan steer. It was passed as a joke and when the boys
returned from the up trail, they all had a hearty laugh at my
father’s expense. However, there were no hard feelings
as the joke was on my father.
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THE OLD CHISHOLM TRAIL
I have heard old timers tell of how and when the
Chisholm Trail was established in 1870. A young man
only seventeen years old by the name of Chisholm decided to
find his way alone from Abilene, Kansas to San Antonio, Texas
through wilderness and desert fraught with loneliness and
danger. He was warned by his friends of the dangers
which might befall him, but he had fully made up his mind and
could not be persuaded to change it.
He left Abilene in the early spring and rode horseback.
He made rough maps and drawings of the lay of the
land, marked water holes, and other landmarks along the route.
He finally arrived at San Antonio several weeks later,
after nearly a one thousand miles journey. How he
escaped so many dangers and came through intact, both he and
his mount, was considered almost miraculous. Thus the
Chisholm Trail was established and used for many years.
Thousands and thousands of cattle went up the trail
every year. Today a few old timers can point out scattered
land marks of the famous old trail which were shown them by
their fathers or friends, and no doubt there yet may be a few
who remember, as a small boy, some of these marks, especially
near fords, water holes and places which were of a hazardous
nature at that time.
The Chisholm trail began at San Antonio, Texas and
extended north through Texas, Indian Territory, and across
Brazos, Red, Arkansas, Canadian and Cimeron rivers to Abilene
and Dodge City. Herds were gathered numbering from
2000 to 5000 head. After they were rounded up and
branded with each owners specific brand, together with a road
brand "R", which was to show these cattle belonged
on the trail, they were ready for the long, dusty trail.
Before setting out on their journey, there was much to
be done. After getting a road crew and everything ready,
the first to start the trail would be the chuck wagon, usually
drawn by four horses. This was covered and loaded with
extra saddles, ropes, cooking equipment, grub, and bedding.
In the back end of the wagon was the chuck box, made as
a part of the wagon bed with shelves and drawers for food and
utensils. A door when let down, extended outside
the wagon and made the table on which the cook prepared his
food. The driver was always the cook. Then there
were the extra cow ponies, which were required for the
cowboys, usually four ponies to each cowboy. The horse
wrangler was in charge of these horses. It was his duty
to see after all cow ponies, round them up each morning, and
assist in roping and saddling them for the boys. After
the wagon and extra cow ponies came the herd. At the
head of the herd rode the foreman or boss of the outfit.
Across from him, his best cowboy or top hand as he was
called. Looking back down the long line of cattle came
two other riders, one on either side of the herd. Behind
them, still others at intervals, then still farther back were
two more bringing up the rear. These were called the
drags. This was the most unpleasant part of the
job. A long herd of cattle, no matter how slow it
travels, leaves a cloud of dust so dense it can hardly be seen
through and besides the slowest and laziest cattle have
to be kept in line and up with the herd. When noon
came, the chuck wagon, which was always considerably ahead,
would stop and lunch would be prepared. The cattle were
allowed to stop and graze while the men came to the call of
the cook’s "Come and get it."
After an hour or two of rest,
the men roped and saddled fresh mounts and the long line of
cattle began their journey again. Toward sundown the
herd was brought to the bedding ground which had been selected
for the night. The average days travel was about ten
miles. A stream or watering place would be selected, and
the cattle, after drinking were allowed to graze and finally
bed down for the night. After supper those who had
been selected to take the first guard watch were off and took
their places. The guards were used in shifts of about three
hour intervals and at the campfire were the boys who were to
take the later shifts. They usually talked, joked or
played a game or two of cards before finally spreading their
blankets on the grass for their part of the nights sleep.
In mentioning the Chisholm
Trail no doubt you wonder why I did not mention something
about the Santa Fe or the old Santa Fe or the San Antonio
trails. This was because these trails were not
cattle trails and had little to do in settling the country.
They were used by soldiers of fortune, gold seekers,
prospectors and for early passage into Mexico from the East
before the day of the Chisholm Trail.
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THE DRIFT FENCE
The first use for barbed wire came when several of the
cattle kings came together and decided to build a long fence
through the country for the purpose of saving labor by
reducing the number of cowhands. These were called drift
fences. Then, at roundup time, the cattle could be
gathered from many miles away, thrown in against one side of
the fence, which left only one side to be guarded, and later
the other part of the country could be worked in the same
manner. Thus, the name "drift fence". In
some instances a drift fence would extend probably fifteen
miles or more. When the roundup was over, usually in the
spring, the fence would be opened in many places to allow the
cattle to graze at will from either side. It would be
repaired again before next roundup time.
At the far end of the fence there would be a cabin, or
usually an adobe, stocked with coarse food such as beans,
bacon, onions, flour, etc. There was no objection to
anyone who happened to be in the region staying overnight or
longer in the hut. This was a custom of the range.
Other purposes for which the fence served were land
marks, as there weren’t any roads or trails at this date.
This, of course, was the earliest fence used when the
entire country was open. Like the Chisholm Trail, drift
fences were known by name, usually the man who had the most to
do in having built it, for instance, the Babb drift fence, or
the Lewis drift fence. These are the most noted ones I
can think of at this writing.
After ranch fencing became common, some of these drift
fences became land marks, and for many years old posts at
scattered intervals could be found here and there. Many
years later these scattered posts, half-rotten and down, still
went by the old names and even later were marked on early
maps. I now doubt seriously that there is a single sign
left of any of the old drift fences. Probably no one
even knows of the exact location of a single one or even where
a single post once stood.
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COW CHIP FUEL
Fuel, in those days, before the railroad came, was very
difficult to obtain. Especially further west on the
prairies where no timber grew. Fuel for cooking, and in
many cases heating, was obtained from dried cow chips (dung).
After laying put in the hot, dry summer weather, it
became very dry and hard and burned quite intensely when
lighted. We did not use this kind of fuel for there was
some timber in our area of the country. I have visited
numerous places, however, where cow chips have been used
entirely for fuel. Some of the best biscuits and steak I
have ever tasted were cooked over the fire made with this kind
of fuel. People would haul great loads and stack
them for winter use. Many times I have seen piles twice
as high as ones head and probably fifty feet long.
Most all campfires on roundups were of cow chips, which
were called by some people, cow coal.
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FEUD AT THE DIAMOND BAR
I am reminded here of a tale told me by my half-brother,
Fayette, who was present at the time the incident occurred.
Most all big ranches kept a small stock of groceries,
whiskey, canned goods, salmons, etc., at their headquarters.
On this occasion, an argument arose between two of the
cowhands. After a few harsh statements from the men, the
brewing of real trouble could be seen. The other men and
the range boss decided to get the matter settled before a
killing occurred. They got the men separated,
talked to them showing them the folly of a shooting scrape,
and finally getting them to agree to drop the matter and be
friends again, since both men were employed on the same ranch.
The other cowboys asked the cook to open a can of
oysters, pour the contents into a bowl and have the two
quarrelsome men eat together, to which they reluctantly
agreed. However, their anger had not cooled as their
friends had thought. After a drink all around by the
boss, they both took their seats for their oyster dinner and
cast sullen glances at each other. Finally one of them,
Bob Rogers, who was considered a bad character, drew an eight
inch dirk and took an oyster on the point of his knife and
stated, "By God, this is what I eat ‘em with."
Everyone held his breath, for it was known that Bill
Williams would not let this dare pass unchallenged.
He was considered just as bad and he pulled a 45-caliber
pistol and stated, "By God, this is what I eat them
with." He struck the bowl with all his might and it
shattered it into a thousand pieces.
It is useless to state that they again had to be caught
and held apart and finally taken to their separate bunkhouses.
There was no killing. After a few days the men
left the Diamond Bar for different parts to later meet one
Saturday afternoon. At a remote race track they
exchanged a few words in low tones not distinctly understood
by others, whirled, and shot it out. Bill Williams was
killed instantly. Bob Rogers lived two hours, and seemed
conscious through the whole time, but made no statement.
Bob Rogers had relatives at Fort Worth, one hundred and
forty miles away. They came and hauled his body back to
Fort Worth, crumpled up in a buckboard and not embalmed.
You can imagine the gruesome site and horrid odor by the
time it reached its destination. Bill Williams had no
relatives that anyone knew of. He was crated out on the
desolate prairie and buried with his saddle, bridle, pistol,
spurs and chaps, nothing ever to molest his peace and quiet
but the tramping of long horn cattle and, occasionally, the
howl of a coyote or the sing of a rattlesnake.
I have visited the grave many times when young.
The only sign then was a few rocks covered with mesquite
(buffalo grass). Today, the grave is in a field
cultivated and grown over by wheat. No one at this time
knows the exact location; probably the owner of the farm
does not know that a grave exists anywhere on his land.
This is only a small instance in which time makes its
changes. I have never visited this lonely grave that I
was not reminded of the old cowboy song "Oh Bury Me There
on the Lone Prairie."
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THE OKLAHOMA RUN
Until 1889, Oklahoma was known as the Indian Territory,
a country reserved as a last home for the Indian who had been
driven from the southern and eastern states. He did not
hold this glorious hunting ground long, for against this
portion of the Indian’s domain, the white man was casting
his covetous eyes. Congress set April 22, 1889 as the
day upon which white settlers might enter and stake out
claims.
For weeks, home seekers had been gathering, and on the
great day, thousands of human beings were massed along the
border being held back by troops of the United States Army.
For this April 22, 1889 was announced as the day
for the first Oklahoma Run. If you could get to the
place you had staked out first, the 160 acres of land would be
yours.
Fayette was not in the first Oklahoma Run but was in the
1899 run, which was carried on in the same manner. My
brother had selected an excellent horse. At the report
of the gun shot, which was to start the race, they
were off, some on horseback, some in carriages, and
others in wagons. My brother was one of the lucky
persons and arrived at the place he had chosen before
anyone else. Many were not so fortunate and found that
someone had beaten them to it and they had made the trip
in vain. To increase the land for available for
settlement, the federal government bought other land from
the Indians, some of it for as low as $0.15 an acre.
My brother settled with his family on this fine piece of
land but was overtaken by misfortune. While on his way
back from Vernon, Texas with a load of lumber with which to
build his own adobe, he had the misfortune to be caught in one
of those fierce, sleety blizzards, and his wagon broke down.
No one lived near, but he was found many hours later,
almost frozen, by some cowboys who took him to camp. He
contracted pneumonia from exposure and, after a few days,
died, leaving a wife, three boys, and one girl.
There were no cemeteries near at that early date and his body
was buried on the land he had earned in the Oklahoma Run.
Thirty years later, his body was exhumed and reinterred
in Davis, Oklahoma’s Cemetery, now the family hometown.
Today, one of his descendents lives on his farm.
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A STAMPEDE ON THE
CHISHOLM TRAIL
On the Chisholm Trail, as told to me by my half-brother,
Fayette, a boy of sixteen at the time the stampede occurred.
It was May 1876. All afternoon the heat had been
terrific, low hanging clouds banking in the northwest warned
of an approaching storm. Finally, the sun dropped
swiftly behind the bleak barrier of the low hills.
Twilight deepened into dusk and settled over the arroyos
and canyons of the prairie. Many cattle near the outside
of the big herd had been restless all afternoon and frequently
broke away to be ridden against by cowboys and returned to the
herd. Men of the range know that great herds of cattle
seem to have some premonition or natural instinct of
approaching danger. Night had set in, the cattle were
bedded, supper at the camp was prepared and eaten. Soon
guards took their respective places for the first shift.
The others, after a few jokes and possibly a game or two
of cards, laid down for their rest. Everything seemed
exceptionally quiet. The breeze, which had been blowing
strong, calmed at intervals. Bright flashes of
lightening played zig-zag across the western horizon.
Occasionally, low distant thunder could be heard; a
coyote howled in the distance. Now and then the sing of
a rattlesnake or the screeching of a prairie dog owl could be
heard.
Suddenly, for some reason, which was never learned, a
few cattle near the outside of the herd of six thousand head
were on their feet running at breakneck speed. Anyone
who has never been near or seen a cattle stampede can hardly
conceive of the danger to cowboys, horses, and even the cattle
themselves. Almost in an instant, every cowhand was on
his horse to aid in the circling and controlling the runaway
cattle, for circling it is. The men bear down against
the outside ones, pushing their mounts against them,
hollering, shouting, cursing and whipping or frequently
shooting, anything to get the outside ones to change their
course and begin circling. After the outside cattle
start running in this manner, others, which are crowded
against them, have to follow. The entire herd is
running in a circle and held together. They tire, slow
their pace and finally, after completely exerting themselves,
calm down, and in course of a few hours, bed down again, and
the stampede is over.
Unfortunately, this is not always the case. Many
times they pour in between the guards and scatter to the four
winds. In this case the camp is kept intact for several
days, the range is searched, the lost cattle rounded up and
returned to the original herd. Many cattle may be
entirely lost and never recovered. Others may be killed
by falling and being trampled by the on rush of the frightened
herd. There is no way in which a stampede can be
controlled except by circling, and this was true in this
stampede.
Another great danger and hardship to the cowhands was in
the horses and cattle fording the several rivers, which
crossed the trail. Most of the rivers were broad and the
water shallow. This was more dangerous than if filled
with deep water, for they were filled with quick sand from
bank to bank. To ford the quick sand it was always
necessary to keep moving. Should a steer or horse stop
after he had once started across, within a minute they usually
found it impossible to extract their feet from the sand.
The harder they tried, the faster they sank. There
were always a few cattle or horses lost in crossing these
rivers. Once in a great while a wagon and team would be
lost in this manner, or even a man.
It took many weeks to deliver a big herd of cattle
gathered in southern Texas to Abilene or Dodge City, Kansas.
After the herd was within 25 or 30 miles of its
destination, it still took several days yet before they could
be delivered and sold. Cowboys would take time off and
lope on into town to spend their money, have a good time,
then return to camp and allow others to ride into town.
Cowboys were free with their money, when the herd was
finally driven in, sold and delivered, then the payoff came
and the sights of the town were seen.
These towns, at that time, were so-called open towns.
Saloons, medicine shows, theaters, dance halls, and
hotels were numerous. The boys spent their money as if
there were no limit to its source. After several days of
fun and frolic, the time arrived to return and many would have
to borrow money from the boss to get back down the trail.
There were most always a few boys who did not care to go
back the lonesome trail and drifted out to some other section
to begin work of the same nature. It has been estimated
by some of the old cattlemen of that day that from 1870 to
1880 there were seven million head of cattle driven over this
famous old trail from Texas to Oklahoma. By 1880
railroads were beginning to traverse many sections of these
regions and the old Chisholm Trail began to lose its fame and
glamour. Within a few years the trail was abandoned
except for short distances. The only thing now left to
remind one of the trail is a few scattered land marks through
Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.
After 1880, squatters had begun to come in and land,
which had been used so long as free range, began to be
homesteaded. A few small farms were scattered here and
there and the cattlemen could see the handwriting on the wall.
Consequently, homesteading became the order of the day.
Men who used free range would hire cowboys to homestead
a claim, allow their salary to go on with the understanding
that the land would be deeded them when lived out. There
was not much required of a homesteader. He built a
dugout, put in a stove and a few cooking utensils. A few
old shirts, pants and possibly a worn out pair of boots
were left in the place. He returned occasionally, stayed
a night or two, and at the end of three years, the land was
deeded to him, which was in turn handed over to the man with
whom he had made the deal. After a few years of using
this method, and purchasing land from so-called squatters who
had lived out their claims, there began to be many land kings.
Thousands and thousands of acres of this wonderful
natural grassland would belong to one man or a few
individuals. The little men, with only a few
thousand head of cattle, slowly but surely began to be
squeezed out. After a while, these cattle kings
undertook to fence immense pastures. The barbed wire was
beginning to be manufactured by this time and, of course,
these first fences were undertaken by only a few of the
greatest landowners. Everyone had been accustomed
to the open, free range for so long. This custom was so
firmly established that it was very unsatisfactory to the
majority and wire cutting became prevalent. A cattle
king might hire his men to stretch miles of fence one day to
find it literally cut almost between every post the next day
by a mob of nightriders. While legally it was his right
to fence his own land, it was against the unwritten law of the
range. These conditions grew worse and worse.
Finally the land kings began calling on the state for
protection and Texas Rangers were sent in to guard the long
lines of fences. This was resented by the smaller
cattlemen and soon the war was on between the small cattle
owner and the cattle barons. It was common news, every
few weeks, from different sections of the state, one would
hear of night battles between rangers and wire cutters.
Men on both sides were killed.
After a few years, the small cattle owner could also see
the handwriting on the wall and the disappearing of the free
range. To my mind, this semi-arid country would have
been better to remain a cattle country and free range.
But advancing prices and fertile soil turned the
squatters on in full and the many big pastures were finally
sold out in small tracts. Farming began taking the place
of the herds. The cattlemen of this once great cattle
country had to stand by and gradually watch the once cattle
paradise and open range pass. Of course, many big
ranches are yet scattered over Texas, but most of the long
horn glamour and custom of the real western cow country has
gone the way of the buffalo and the antelope.
My half-brother, Fayette, was reared from infancy in the
cattle country and knew nothing about other kinds of work.
By the time he became a grown man, the great country had
begun making many changes. It seemed difficult for him
to be able to adjust himself to other kinds of work, which he
knew nothing at all about. He, like many others, moved
to New Mexico, but found the same change taking place there.
He came back to Texas for one or two years, trying to
farm, being almost a complete failure. Finally, the
Oklahoma land run was advertised and he entered and won.
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NEIGHBORS
It would hardly be fair to the readers of this
narrative, nor to Uncle Jake and Aunt Jessie Miller
themselves, who lived just across the creek from us, unless
something is said of their quaint ways and superstitions.
They were both originally from Georgia and had no doubt
lived all their lives in a remote region and among
superstitious Negroes, for they pronounced many words like
them, such as DAT, ids, si-si-sa-sa, and other words that did
not give much credit to the English dictionary. Uncle
Jake was short, with a dark complected small face, and he had
the shiniest, sleekest, bald head I have ever seen. Aunt
Jessie, his wife, was rather corpulent, also dark, very beady
black eyes and snow white hair. They lived on a
homestead just a short distance from us, across the creek
in a small log house. To get to the place you must
go through the creek bottom trail and through a dense forest
of live oak timber.
Once almost every week just before dark, you could see
Uncle Jake and Aunt Jessie coming to sit until bedtime.
Nothing before, nor since that time, has given more
thrill, gladness and fear to us children. We knew we
were in for a ghost story. I do not believe they should
be told to children, however, they get more thrill and
pleasure from them than any other form of entertainment and
are left in a state of fear that is almost close to panic.
Neither did our father want such stories told to us, yet
he did not like to hurt the old couple’s feelings.
Many a time my sister and myself have slipped off in the
afternoon and gone to Aunt Jennie’s and asked them to come
over that night, knowing full well that after they left we
would be too afraid to step into the other room for a drink of
water or even sleep by ourselves. Aunt Jessie always
took the lead in telling most tales, but frequently asked
Uncle Jake for exact dates and sanction. Even her voice
had a sound of weirdness which caused chilly sensations to
creep up and down our spines. Always, soon after their
arrival to sit until bedtime, and after the regular routine of
welcoming and how her back was getting on, her pipe lighted,
her conversation soon drifted toward a ghost story for
that was the only kind of conversation that she, herself,
enjoyed. Most of the stories were of her own
experiences, which had, of course, more interest for us.
I would become so nervous when the story was being told
I would squeeze in between my father’s knees, sit on one
knee and actually have to turn to the other one frequently for
it seemed that something would certainly take hold of my
back, if not grab and carry me away. My sister was not
quite so frightened, but she too, would change place around
the fire frequently. There never was another individual
who could put a more blood curdling chill into a ghost story
than Aunt Jessie.
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THE HAUNTED HOUSE
One of Aunt Jessie’s ghost stories was that near them
was a discarded farm with its dilapidated buildings and
fences. No one had lived there for several years and the
half-rotten doors and windows hung on rusty hinges, both
dwelling and barns. The fence was down and the field had
grown up in brush, weeds, and grass. She said that late
one afternoon on a cold, wet, dreary evening in November, a
traveler in a covered wagon drove up where she and Jake lived
and asked to spend the night. They told him they were
sorry to have to turn him away on such a night, but did not
have room for travelers. They told him of this haunted,
vacant house and that the heirs of the place had offered to
give the farm to anyone who would spend the night there.
The man, she stated, thought the situation over
carefully, and said, "Well I do not believe in ghosts and
I think I will drive down there and spend the night. It
looks to me as if it would be a good bargain." He
moved on down the road, unhitched his team, watered and fed
them, made them fast for the night, got his camping outfit and
entered the house. Sitting on either side of the
fireplace, where a small fire glowered, two old women sat
dressed in long black garments. On their heads were
bonnets of the same material and each one was smoking a clay
pipe. Each held in her right hand a long butcher knife.
He spoke but neither woman looked up or spoke. He
said, in a casual tone, "Well, I am going to spend the
night with you, ghosts or no ghosts."
He replenished the fire and cooked his supper.
Every now and then he would say something to the old
women. He received no answer and got no further look at
their faces. He ate his supper, cleaned the dishes and
prepared his bed on a pallet in front of the now
burned-down glowing embers. He lay his gun beside him, and
pulling up the cover said "Good-night" to them.
Instead of a reply, they both seemed to rise, cutting at
each other with all their strength and at the same time, went
gliding slowly up through an opening into the loft, while not
a word was spoken. This, of course, frightened the man
but he had thoroughly made up his mind and was going to stay
the entire night, and win the farm, ghosts or no ghosts, so he
lay back down. By this time the rain was beating
against the windowpanes and falling in torrents. The
wind was howling like some lost monster and only a very dim
glow now came from the embers in the fireplace. After
what seemed like hours to him, he felt something fall across
his body with a thud. He lay there too frightened to
move, but finally, with a trembling hand, he reached out and
seized an object. It felt cold, moist, and like lead, it
was an arm! He laid it off on the floor gently and tried
once more to calm himself and stay the night out.
Finally, after a few more hours, another object of the
same cold, dreadful feeling fell as before. He lay this
one off, also, it was a leg. Then again, and again,
with the same horrible feeling, other objects of the same
cold, clammy touch fell from the loft. At last, he
reached out his hand and found a head with long, wet, bloody
hair. He was now frightened beyond words and could not
rise. He stayed the miserable night all the way through.
Finally dawn came and he arose, looking carefully
around. There were the two empty chairs. He
prepared breakfast, packed his camp, hitched his team to the
wagon, and prepared to leave and go claim the farm when he saw
two shadows cross the threshold. Startled again beyond
speaking, he walked to the door. Behold! There
stood the two same old women he had seen cut each other apart
and fall through the loft in many pieces. He asked them
in a trembling tone what they wished. One of them spoke
up and said, "Many years ago, there was a whole family
murdered here for their money, $10,000 in gold. The
killers were afraid to carry away the money and buried three
feet it under the doorstep. We are the ghosts of that
family. If you wish to own the farm, after being so
brave, dig and find the money. It and the farm will be
yours. You may live here in peace hereafter and there
will be no more ghosts to frighten you". The man
lived there many years, there were never any more ghosts or
sounds of screaky hinges.
After a story, around 10 o’clock Aunt Jessie and Uncle
Jake would take their leave. I could not see for my life
how they could walk back on that dark trail by themselves
without being afraid. Sometimes, I yet believe they
were.
There were other odd neighbors as well as Uncle Jake and
Aunt Jessie. There was Uncle Lydge Martin, tall, gaunt,
and frail who lived at the back of our field in a two-room log
house with his wife and son. His wife was also frail,
stooped, and suffered with palsy. I never could feel at
ease around her. Every time she looked my way, her head
would be wagging negatively as if she was correcting me for
some misdeed. Jim, the son, was an old bachelor and
looked almost as odd as his father and mother. Neither
he nor his mother visited our place frequently, but Uncle
Lydge came often and stayed late. His visits were
usually in the afternoon of cold, or wet, dreary days when he
knew my father would be home. You would see him coming
down through the field several hundred yards away and it
frequently took him thirty minutes or more to arrive at our
gate. He would stop and look out over the field and back
the way he had come. He would then move on a short
distance, and repeat the same procedure again, only he would
be looking in some other direction. Finally he would
arrive at the yard gate and almost invariably stop, turn his
face the other direction, lean on arm on the gate for a while
and whistle a weird tune. After several minutes he would
turn around, raise the latch, and come into the yard and
repeat the same thing again. After a while he would come
about half way down the walk, make another stop, turn his
back, and begin to whistle another tune, then to the porch.
There, a long pause, then to the door, another long
pause, finally he would give three loud, sharp raps upon the
door. He never knocked twice, nor did he ever knock four
times, it was always three, as carefully and precisely as if
he were knocking at a lodge hall door for admittance.
When the door was opened and he was invited in, he
invariably took his chair, turned it around, sat down, crossed
his legs and stared out the window, all this time asking how
all the folks were and whistling while being answered.
Occasionally, he would turn around and face the fire
only to whirl around again, cross his legs and begin whistling
in a low tone. He would keep these odd movements going
as long as he was there. Another odd thing about Uncle
Lydge was that we could always tell when he was about ready to
take his departure. He would become very quiet for a
minute or two and suddenly jump up exclaiming, "I think I
gotta go". No persuasion of any kind could stop him
for he would walk right on out and on his way regardless
of anything that might be said to him. It was fun to
watch him on his way home for his actions were the same as
when coming to our house.
Then there was Nip and Vina who lived two miles away.
Nip was very short, but stout and his belly
prominent only from his navel down. His face resembled
an egg in shape, complexion as red as an Indian and bald
headed. He talked with a lisp and, when telling you
something, usually stopped four or five words before finishing
the sentence, grinning and nodding his head, and the listener
usually finished the sentence for him. Vina, his wife,
hardly ever talked on any subject except Nip, and that was
invariably about what a hard time she had and how little aid
Nip gave her. It was an apparent quarrel with them all
the time when they were together, but it always ended up
in a joke. They were really a good couple and no better
neighbors could have been found.
Another odd neighbor was old Uncle Zebedee Thompson, a
peculiar individual indeed. Zebedee was of normal stature
with a long, gray beard and hair. He smoked his
pipe incessantly. He always came to our place alone
and rode in an old screaking buggy that barely hung
together pulled by two small, thin ponies. He lived
fifteen miles away in what was known as the Halleway
Mountains. His family consisted of a wife, two children
and twelve black and tan wolfhounds. His hobby was
chasing wolves with his "pack" as he called it.
He would often stay away all night long when he was
seventy years old and listen to the baying of his hounds, the
sweetest music he could say that ever made a sound.
Of course, his conversation was always about his
"pack". I have spent nights with him and his
family. Though I was only a small boy, I really enjoyed
his talk and antique ways as much as that of his son John, who
was about my age. Uncle Zebedee played the fiddle and
possibly this had more to do in causing my visits than
anything else. I like the fiddle music better than any
other and learned to play myself when I was about ten
years old. Usually after supper had been served, and a
grand supper it was, for Aunt Bettie, his wife, was an
excellent cook, Uncle Zeb would take his fiddle from a nail on
the wall, where he always kept it, sit back down and begin to
tune up. I would be so thrilled and anxious for him to
begin I could hardly wait. Finally, after much thumping
the strings, twisting the keys and tightening the bow,
he would still delay the music by telling a joke or two.
After a hearty laugh, he would take hold of his long,
white, whiskers with his right hand (also the one which held
the bow) and pull them over to the right side. He then tucked
his fiddle in under his chin, pulled the bow over the strings
a time or two and then tells you what tune he would play.
About five tunes was his limit and these were
"Buffalo Gals", "Cotton Eyed
Joe", "Turkey in the Straw", "Black
Eyed Susan", and "Tom and Jerry". Each
one would be played about four or five times with jokes
in between. Finally, he would hang up his fiddle and
then tell a good story of a wolf chase and how old Bloomer,
his favorite hound, had handled the chase. Bloomer
out-trailed, stayed in the chase longer and, if the wolf were
caught, old Bloomer took the lead in the kill. He loved
all his pack but gave old Bloomer all the credit for
finding the trail, following and chasing the wolf till he was
caught and killed.
Then to bed into a soft feather mattress and sound
asleep until awakened by the pleasant odor of frying ham,
eggs, soft fluffy biscuits and coffee by Bettie, his wife.
I can think of no family with whom I ever stayed where I
enjoyed a night so much as at Uncle Zebedee’s.
There was Ike Smith, who had worked on a ranch all his
life as a cook but bragged constantly about his expert bronco
busting. He could tell the biggest yarns about some
outlaw horse that no one was able to ride until he was found.
Of course, his bad horse riding was always at some ranch
way over in New Mexico or Arizona, so far away that no one
here knew of the incident, so they could not dispute it.
However, he finally bragged once too often.
He had offered to gamble most any amount that there wasn’t
a horse living that he couldn’t ride. This was a
mistake, for we happened to know of an outlaw horse that
had been brought in from the Sellman ranch. Apparently,
the animal was gentle, but had been spoiled or taught to
pitch. And pitch he could, which was found out when
the day came for Ike to ride him. Someone
had called his hand. They went him one better by
not betting, just offering him ten dollars outright to ride
the horse the next Saturday afternoon at a remote ball ground
and race track. Saturday arrived, also the outlaw horse
and Ike as well. Everyone in the settlement had learned
of the horse and that Ike was to ride him. Everybody was
there to see the horse ridden, men and women and children for
miles around. When the horse was led out, it was
blindfolded and saddled with Ike’s big nice saddle.
So many had learned of the outlaw horse being even worse
than they had first heard and Ike began weakening. First
he did not feel as well as usual and second he did not have
his regular boots or spurs. But the matter had gone so
far that it was now too late for Ike to change his mind.
Finally, everything was in readiness for the outlaw to
be mounted, with everyone hollering and shouting for Ike to
get going. He meekly walked up to the big sorrel,
hesitated, but a few catcalls forced him to a showdown.
He reached, took hold of the horn of the saddle with his
left hand, grabbed the cantle with his right, raised his
trembling left foot and placed it gently and took his seat in
the saddle. He was careful to get his feet placed
properly in the stirrups and with a weak shout, reached up and
took his big, white hat by the brim and said to the wranglers,
"let him go." For a moment, the big brute
stood motionless, but only for a moment, for the animal knew
what was expected of him. He suddenly seemed to double
himself into a Spanish knot and with a leap and swiftness of a
cannonball, shot into the air jumping, snorting, kicking, and
bawling. Only the first jump was needed to unseat Ike
for he left the saddle in mid-air and sailed off onto space
with his legs and arms spread out like the wings of a crippled
buzzard and, with terrific speed, crashed to earth. The
horse, by this time, had made several jumps high into the air,
whirled and circled right back over Ike, still kicking and
bawling. The crowd rushed up to Ike wondering if he had
been trampled to death or his legs or arms broken. Ike
was knocked out, but, after being helped to his feet, he
looked at first one, then the other. He was stunned,
barely conscious, therefore, was picked up and carried to
a wagon and crated off home. He was not seriously hurt
save for a few bruises and a pretty badly strained back.
After a few days, Ike had recovered sufficiently to come
out again. He had many excuses why he had been thrown,
but was laughed at and teased so harshly he could not face the
humiliation and, within a few days he left the country and was
not heard of any more.
It did not pay one to brag about his bronco riding in
that country unless he was fully prepared to back it up.
Such horses as the one Ike failed to ride, were numerous
and if a fellow made a brag like Ike did, someone knew
exactly where he could find an outlaw horse, as they were
called.
Most cow ponies were gentle if you knew just how to
handle them, but a pinch on the neck or slap with a
quirt, unless placed correctly, would start many of them to
pitching for they had been taught what these signs meant when
being broken. There were professional horse breakers who
did not pretend to work at anything else and they invariably
taught the cow ponies some touch or sign meant for them to
pitch. In a cow country, like this was at that time,
many horses were required. For a cow pony’s life was a
hard one and he usually stove-up within a few years and a new
one took his place. It is interesting to watch a good
cow pony when being used in handling cattle, herding, rounding
up or being roped from. They soon learn exactly what is
expected. What little guiding is needed when running
yearling, cutting out or returning it to the herd, is mostly
from slight touch with the reins from the opposite side to
which you wish him to go and, in roping and branding, he knows
exactly what to do. He sees the rope leap through the
air and when it settles over the steer, does not have to be
reined to a stop, but sets his feet firmly with his head
always toward the animal and in a slight squatting position.
When the animal reaches the end of the rope, many
times, the steer may be thrown into a somersault or upon his
side but the pony always keeps his head toward the steer.
All cow ponies were taught to stay as if they were
hitched or tied by only dropping the reigns to the ground.
No matter how skittish or wild the horse apparently is,
he can always be trusted to stand where you leave him with
reins hanging to the ground.
Back to
Contents
FIRST DAY IN SCHOOL
I was only five years old when we landed, but by the
next year, I was old enough to attend school. The school
house was three miles down the creek and I was carried on
horseback to school by my older brother and was left to walk
home when school was out in the afternoon. But this was
fun, for several other children did the same thing and came
the same road. Many times, when creeks and ponds were
frozen over, we would stop and play on the ice until almost
dark and occasionally some of our parents would become alarmed
and come to see after us.
I shall never forget my first day in school.
Before school was to begin, I was nervous. I
feared the teacher and thought if anyone happened to
break any rules, no matter how small, the teacher always
whipped. Older children told us that day, that the
teacher came around and asked our names, and also that of our
father. I was scared and nervous when I saw him coming
toward me, but I told him my name. When he asked my
father’s name, I replied, "Pap". Of course,
everyone laughed, and I did not understand why. I cried,
thought I had done something I would be whipped for, but Mr.
Towns, the teacher, was a kindly old man and only patted me on
the head and said, "That’s alright son, we will be
friends, don’t be afraid for I like little boys."
So the next day, I was not so nervous and we got along
fine.
A few days of the school week, we children were all
assembled after the noon hour. The teacher decided to
have a few speeches and also a spelling match by the older
ones. He asked if there was anyone who knew a speech, if
so to step upon the stage and recite it. I had learned a
little rhyme from some of my older brothers and thought that I
had to do what the teacher said, so with much fear and
trembling, I arose and rushed to the stage in great
haste. I whirled around and said this quotation,
"Lightening flashed and thunder rolled, Daddy opened his
tater hole". Of course, everyone laughed. My
first laugh from giving my teacher my father’s name as Pap,
compared nothing to the laughs and applause I then received.
These were only a few of my early experiences in school
and I soon learned that I was not the only one in the first
year, who happened to create laughs. I do not yet
understand just why older people laugh so much at children’s
innocent expressions.
Finally the school term closed and by the time I began
my second year, I was anxious to attend and thereafter enjoyed
it. Near our neighborhood, the schoolhouse was soon
enlarged and most every pupil was riding horseback to attend
school. At that time, as soon as they were large enough
to ride, every child was given a pony. I remember very
distinctly the first pony my father gave me. It was a
beautiful, small, brown pony, nice and gentle, and I thought a
great deal of him. A homesteader, who settled a piece
near us, fenced his land with barbed wire and one line of his
fence crossed the trail to a water hole. The first night
I owned my pony, while he was romping and playing with the
other horses we owned ran into the fence. The next
morning he was found dead, the barbed wire having severed his
jugular vein. This was sad news indeed but the man
gave me another pony instead and there were no hard feelings
toward our neighbor.
The country by this time was settling up and customs
changing rapidly. Land was being homesteaded, adobes
built, farms were put into cultivation and children growing up
ready for school. Most everyone rode horseback to
school, horses would be tied all around the school ground.
The family of Tom Williams, better known as Greasy
Williams, lived about three miles up the creek and his
occupation was raising mules. He owned considerable
pastureland and raised Spanish mules by the hundreds.
Every Williams child, and there were eight, rode a mule
to school and these mules were taught to pitch or buck by
certain signs or touches. At recess one afternoon, long
in the late spring, John told several of us boys that he was
going to ride his mule pitching up the steps and into the
school house when school was out for the day. We all
waited anxiously for the time to arrive. Finally, when
about half of the pupils had come out of the building, John
appeared in front of the door mounted upon his mule. He
gave him a thumb, as it was called, and right up the steps
into the schoolroom and down the aisles pitching, snorting and
kicking went the mule. Children poured out of the
windows and were followed closely by the teacher. The
mule pitched and kicked all over, up and down the aisles,
turning over desks by the dozens and finally out of the door,
running and kicking until John brought him to a stop in front
of the building. The teacher could not understand why
the mule pitched into the school. By the next morning
word had leaked out through the grapevine system that the
whole thing was done on purpose and John was ordered upon
the carpet. I believe that was the most angry teacher I
had ever seen, but John had been planning his alibi. He
looked and spoke very meekly, apparently with tears in his
eyes, told the teacher of the animal’s disposition and that
he would not have had it to happen for anything. This
cooled the teacher’s anger and he stated that he was sorry
of having been so angry since of course he could see that
it could not have been avoided. He advised John to tie
the mule out of distance and be sure to have him headed the
other way when being mounted thereafter.
John was a bad boy indeed, but all the boys thought he
was a hero. He or some of his brothers or, once in a
while, one of his sisters were always doing something to
create excitement and it was a daily occurrence for some of
the Williams to get a whipping. They usually took it
with a smile, but not every time. John, especially,
would brag to the boys that he was going to break a rule
which, he knew good and well would cause him to be whipped.
All the rest of us waited the time with anxiety.
I remember one time distinctly, John told me that he was
going to whip the teacher some time during the day.
Along in the afternoon of a warm drowsy day, everything
was quiet. The teacher was at the blackboard with a few
pupils. John worked a pin through the thick part of the
skin of his big toe and set his foot upon the back part of the
seat ahead of him. There was a tall, pale, scarlet
faced, redheaded boy occupying this seat. When
everything was all set and ready, John gave a big punch with
his foot. The pin shot into the boy’s hip muscles
like a stab of lightening and he screamed and began crying.
John quickly removed the pin from his toe and took on
the look of astonishment. The teacher came back to find
out about all the excitement. The boy knew John was the
one who had caused him all the pain and promptly stated so.
This was denied by John. The teacher, being wise
in the ways of bad schoolboys, asked to see John’s toe.
There was the proof, the torn, dead skin where the pin
had been placed. "All right John," he handed
John his pocket knife and told him to walk down to the creek
and bring him a real good switch. John took the knife,
and with the pompous air of a brigadier general, walked out
after the switch. Soon he returned with a limb larger
than a thumb and about eight feet long. He handed it
over gracefully to the teacher, then pulled off his coat
calmly hanging it on a nail, waved a salute with a smile to
the other children, and said in a sarcastic tone "Let’s
begin, Professor." Everyone thought he could be
whipped to death but, at the first lick, the switch broke into
a dozen pieces. He had cut, with a sharp knife, around
and almost through the switch in more than a dozen places.
This angered the teacher more than ever so he
slapped John in the face with his open hand and the fight was
on. First one was on top and then the other, soon blood
was streaming from the teacher’s face and he gave up.
John had torn his watch and chain from his pocket, then
deliberately walked to the stove, jerked the chain into
several pieces, opened the stove door, and threw them into the
fire. He tossed the watch to the professor, brushed his
hands together, and saluted the professor, took a chew of
tobacco and sat down, stating to everybody, "I guess I
will be the teacher from now on. Sit down professor and
get to studying your lessons." The teacher realized
he was licked and was much humiliated and told John he would
have the Trustees expel him from school. The next day,
at a Trustees meeting, all the evidence was brought forward,
and, after talking the matter over, it was decided if the
professor could not keep order in his school, he best resign,
which he did and left the country. Everyone knew John
was bad but the teacher in that day was hired to teach
and control his school and if he failed there was nothing to
do but give up the school. There were other large boys
that fought the teacher occasionally, but usually the teacher
came out the better man.
After the big fight, which won John much fame and made
him a hero to the rest of the boys and girls, he went by the
name of "Dangerous Dan McGrew" and a few verses of
the poem was quoted when John would appear. It
goes:
"A bunch of boys were whooping
It in a male mute saloon.
The kid that was handling the music
Was playing a rag time tune,
When out of the night, which was
Forty below, into the glim and
Glare,
There staggered a stranger from out
Of the reeks, dog dirty and loaded
For bear."
John carried on for a few more years in school, with a
teacher fight now and then. But finally, public
sentiment decreed that John could not attend school. He
was expelled and never attended school again.
One of the big event in the school in those days, was
school exhibition at its close. For weeks we children
would rehearse for the big event, and when the final night
arrived, everyone in the settlement was there. A stage
had been erected outside, connected with the building, which
could be used from the anterooms. Curtains were
stretched across the front and what gay colors, usually red
and white or some other gaudy colors, parted in the middle and
a boy was selected for either side to pull back his curtain at
the proper time, which was the tap of a table bell.
Fiddle and banjo music was played behind the curtains,
continuously, while the curtains were closed. Different
colored tableaus were burned for certain acts. This was
as exciting and glamorous for people of those days as
Technicolor pictures are on the screen today.
I do not believe that children of today get the fun and
excitement that they did of that day and time. I
yet entertain an honored feeling for the little red
schoolhouse, which spot was the center of all gathering places
for people of the community. Everyone knew everyone else
and if a stranger did happen to attend, it was only a short
time until he was known by everybody and considered one of
them.
After a few years, most of us boys who were in school
together began having so called growing pains and before we
were considered large enough to take part in dances and
parties, we attended just the same. In most of the
houses where dances and parties were given, the room was only
large enough for the four couples who danced and the fiddlers.
There was usually a big fire burning outside in the
yard. Boys came into the house to dance when their names
were called. Outside, gathered around the fire, were
boys awaiting their turn, and we who were considered too small
to take active part. There was conservation around the
fire of most every nature, always a few drunks, in many
instances resembling clowns in a circus. I remember very
distinctly one tall, dark, lanky fellow, with piercing eyes,
black hair, and extra long mustache. He was mean looking
and was considered an outlaw since he had drifted into the
country from no one knew where. Nor did they have any
knowledge of his mission. As that was still the day of
cattle rustling, it was thought by most everyone that this
probably was his profession and though he was peaceful most
everyone feared him. He rode the meanest outlaw horse in
the settlement and always carried pistol cartridges in his
pocket. On one occasion at a dance and outside by the
fire, we younger boys decided to tease him a bit. He was
drunk as usual. His name was Bill McClain (probably an
alias). I decided to be smart and brave before the other
boys. I came up to him and said "Your name
McClain?" I grasped his hand and shook it in an
outward show of bravery, inside I was fearful and trembling.
"Seems that I’ve met you somewhere."
He answered back in a belligerent, coarse tone while
stroking his long mustache, "You may have, by God, I have
been there!" This took all the show out of me.
I eased out of the situation as tactfully as I could and
never tried again to show off before Bill McClain. I was
teased often about my introduction. No one ever learned
what his mission was and he left after a few months, but
no cattle were missing and no one was murdered so probably
Bill was not a real outlaw after all.
Back to
Contents
CAMP MEETINGS
The Old Windham campground was situated in a beautiful
spot at the junction of Hog Creek and the Pecan Bayou.
The ground was covered with gravel, dotted with a dense
forest of big pecan and elm trees, with no underbrush
and shaded throughout. Wagons, buggies and saddle
horses were tied everywhere by the dozens. Hog Creek was
a small stream but the bayou was wide and deep. There
could not have been a more beautiful place selected anywhere
and was used for summer camp meeting for many years.
People would come from great distances, as well as near,
bring their camping equipment, food, beds, tent and cooking
stoves. Others would come in wagons which were used for
places to sleep, put their stove under trees, set up their
tables, and were ready for the big camp meetings. An
arbor would be built and covered with small tree and brush
tops, making a dense, shady, cool place. The ground
would be covered with straw. Long benches were placed
under the arbor, a small platform built for the preacher and
the meeting began. Night meetings were the most
glamorous for it was customary for many women and some men to
become immensely happy and express their happiness by loud
shouting. Many times I have seen as many as thirty
people shouting all at the same time, at the top of their
voices. I have seen most of the congregation stay with
the shouters until one or two o’clock in the morning and
until the happy ones would wear themselves absolutely
out, in many cases, and have to be carried outside for several
hours. This kind of worship never appealed to me as
being genuine. There were many odd characters in these
exciting meeting, usually the ringleaders.
I am here reminded of one old gentleman in particular,
who always created a laugh for us youngsters and many times
practically the entire group. The ones who really led
the services, preacher and all, would be on their knees in the
straw all praying at the same time and absolutely rolling in
the straw, and seeing who could pray the loudest seemingly,
and calling out all in different words. This old
gentlemen, whom I have just mentioned, Uncle John McPeeters,
with long, gray hair and beard which covered his entire face
except for a small portion around his cheeks, eyes and
nostrils. He was the main actor and did the most and
loudest praying. The reason he caused so many laughs was
the attitude he would assume on his knees. He would have
his face turned straight up, eyes and mouth closed just as
tightly as could be and with all the other men and women
mumbling and praying, he would groan and moan and shake his
head in a quiver. Every little while his mouth and eyes
would fly open and he no doubt meant to say "My
God," but his lips opened so quickly and his voice came
with such force it sounded exactly as I he said "By God,
Oh By God." He was referred to as Old By God by
most of the youngsters. One of the regular shouters and
one who could be absolutely depended on to do her part of the
shouting was old lady Malone. She always had a baby in
her arms, and when the time came to get happy, she looked for
someone to take the baby, just tossed it to them as if it were
a rag doll, jumped up, clasped her hands tightly in front of
her body and began going round and round, jumping up and down
hollering one scream after another with the most staring,
simple look. She always wore a long black dress and
looked almost like a ghost. The youngsters were really
afraid of her. She always danced and spun around until
she was completely exhausted and then she’d stop, straighten
up, and fall backward into someone’s arms. Then they
would lay her out on a long bench or probably down in the
straw, fan and bathe her forehead and feel her pulse.
After and hour or two, while the others sang through the
act, she would finally begin to clap her hands slowly, roll
her head, and, in the course of a few minutes, open her
eyes and raise up. Then she would tell of her vision
while in this so-called trance, that she had been away and
talked in person with God. I never did hear her tell
what the Lord told her in words that could be understood
clearly. She was just one of many others that carried on
in this manner.
A camp meeting was considered an almost failure if there
was not plenty of shouting. Such carrying on in the
place of worship is hard for one to believe now days
when shouting is not the custom. Probably a few of them
were in earnest, through excitement. But perhaps most of
it was for show and notoriety. But as for me, I could
not have much faith in this carrying on. After the
meeting was over, such people, I learned were no more to be
trusted than others and in many cases not so much. Such
camp meetings would last for three or four weeks many times.
There were other protracted meetings conducted under
brush arbor from time to time in other places and carried
on in the same manner with plenty of shouting.
Strange customs indeed to ones who did not believe in
such. Shouting always began after mourners came up and
gave the preacher their hands with a request to be prayed for,
took their seats on the mourner’s bench, bent over and began
crying. Some of them came to be up on the mourner’s
bench every night for weeks and them probably failed to come
through, as it was called.
I must tell one more incident which took place at one of
these meetings. The preacher had begged and pleaded
for mourners night after night with none coming forward
so he hit on a new scheme. He told the congregation, the
sinners in particular, they might get religion in other ways
and places. He stated that he preached in places where
many of them went into seclusion, and prayed and prayed until
the Lord forgave them of their sins and they might try this
procedure for a night or two and if no one got religion that
way the meeting would close. So within a night or two,
some of the sinners became converted on their way home from
the meeting, shouting and hollering, others leaving heard the
commotion and whirled their wagons, buggies and horses and
rushed to the scene. Probably several would be converted
at this gathering, in some cases spend the entire night and
the next night at the experience meeting. They would
tell of just how they had been forgiven of their sins and
exactly what the Lord had said to them. One boy, a
pretty bad fellow considered so by the shouting group,
although his worst sins were only that he liked to dance and
play the fiddle for dances, raised up at one of those
experience meetings and gave his version. Which was that
after he had gotten home from the meeting the night before, he
walked out into the bushes, got down upon his knees and right
there he and the old fellow had it out and after almost two
hours he came through. Of course many laughed at this
simple way of expressing his experience. The preacher
knew him well and knew he had been sprinkled as a child.
So, the next evening there were several converts called
up to the mourner’s bench for the purpose of being baptized
(sprinkled). The preacher had them all to state that the
Lord had forgiven them and would sprinkle water over
their heads. When he came to Jim he hesitated and said
to them in low tones, "I believe Brother Jimmy, that you
have been baptized." Jim looked up meekly and said
in a low tone, "Yes, I have been but I believe I will
take a little more, Brother Morgan." There was
considerable sniggering all through the congregation but the
preacher quieted them by reprimand. Jim lived a true
Christian life for exactly one week after the preacher had
closed his meeting, and then one day he broke the religious
rules by dancing at a picnic dancehall, so he was ready for a
new case of religion again the next summer, and he came
through again.
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PONY RACE
My sister, Ellie, who was three years my senior owned a
beautiful black pony named Wadd. My pony was brown, and
named Barney. Much jealously existed between us over the
ponies, especially over their speed. We had run them
many times in a slack, careless way but had never singled them
out side by side in their very best speed. Our
father had bought each of us a new saddle, bridle, and
blanket, her a riding whip (quirt), and me a bright,
glittering pair of O.K. spurs. I had gotten an idea that
I wanted to gamble on a race between Wadd and Barney as I had
seen bets on pony races at the baseball grounds, which were
just across the creek from our house. This was an every
Saturday occurance. We had been taught it was
sinful to gamble, but the older boys did, and I thought it big
to talk of betting on a horse race. I had teased my
sister for days, bragged of the speed of my pony and the slow
speed of hers. This could not be tolerated very long by
children of those days, for their ponies were prided more than
any earthly possession. She had finally stood all the
boasting and braggadocio from me that she cared to, and one
afternoon she and her chum, Willie Spalding, a half Mexican
girl who owned a pretty little dapple gray, rode up to me down
near the creek. I am sure they had talked the matter
over privately. She said, "How much do you want to
bet that Barney can outrun Wadd? I’ll bet you my quirt
against those pretty bright spurs that my pony can outrun
yours and we will let Willie hold the stakes."
Well, everything was made ready. Willie rode to
the upper end of the track, Ellie and I rode down to the
starting points. I never felt bigger in all my life
betting on a horse race just like grown boys did. We
finally arrived at the starting point and after much arguing
and several uneven starts, the ponies finally hit the trail at
an even break and the race was on. The race was pretty
close for the first half of the distance and looked as if
I might get to keep my pretty spurs and take her quirt but
soon I began realizing that the racing distance for Barney was
only about 150 yards. I felt him begin weakening and
soon the black shot by like a comet and at the end of the
track came out about four lengths ahead. We circled our
ponies and came back down to where the Mexican girl was.
I was very much humiliated because of my pony being
beaten but the worst feeling came when I saw the Mexican girl
hand over to my sister the bright shiny spurs. She kept
them for several days but finally gave them back with the
advice that I was yet a kid, and had not betting judgement and
that my pony was only a cayuse, which meant a scrub horse.
This was all very hard to take but it quieted my
ambition for betting on horses and races forever.
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THE ANNUAL DANCE
Old Uncle Tom Williams (nicknamed Greasy), the father of
the children whom I have mentioned previously in this
narrative, lived in a big house which was situated several
miles out in his immense pasture. He owned
thousands of acres of grass land and did not like to have
close neighbors. In telling someone where he lived he
would say his front yard fence was three miles away, his back
yard fence ten miles from the house. As selfish as this
may seem he yet liked to have people visit him and one of his
greatest pleasures was to give the young folks a dance each
Christmas. This was an annual event and what a grand
time he made it for everyone. There were no formal
invitations sent out, but everybody was invited on Christmas
Eve. It was just known by everybody far and near.
By four and five o’clock in the afternoon, boys and
girls began gathering. His dining room was immense in
size, long tables reached almost the entire length of the room
and were stacked with roast pork, beef, turkey, pies and cakes
of many kinds and plenty of coffee. By dark, supper was
called by Uncle Tom himself, who stood in the big double doors
and called out in cow camp terms, "Come and get it."
The music was made by fiddlers and an organ or banjo.
Many would start eating, the music started up and the
big dance was on. A set of square dancers in two
different rooms shared the same music and the same caller who
stood near the door between. Eat, drink, and be merry,
for it was Christmas night and the expense was on Uncle Tom,
for he never allowed anyone to pay for any part of it.
He hired the fiddlers, furnished the eats, looked
after the behavior and if any boy became too boisterous
or belligerent from imbibing a little too freely,
he called his friends and sent him home. A few of
the boys would do this occasionally but everyone liked Uncle
Tom and respected him, his annual dances, and free suppers.
There was never any drunken trouble to speak of.
Once in a great while Uncle Tom would imbibe a little
too freely himself, get unusually happy and, between sets,
decide to dance a solo for his friends. He was comical
indeed with the special alertness which had come over him so
suddenly. Turkey-in-the-Straw was his favorite tune.
With all the antic contortions and bobbing up and down
and the loud noise from his heavy boots, it was a show all by
itself and created much laughter, for everyone rushed to see
him cut the pigeon wing from Turkey-in-the-Straw. The
dancing and eating was usually carried on all through the
night. The guests would begin leaving anywhere from two
o’clock until dawn. Uncle Tom’s annual dances were
so popular that girls and boys came from distances, in some
cases as far as fifteen or twenty miles on horseback.
Many were total strangers, but "everybody
welcome" was the old man’s slogan. When the
dances were over probably many of the dancers went away with
tired aching heads, feet and legs, but a full stomach for the
parties were always a success. There were many dances
throughout the winter months but nothing of the kind ever
compared to Uncle Tom’s annual dances.
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TEXAS RANGERS
When we consider the immense size of the lone star state
and the small number of inhabitants at the time it was an
independent state, we can easily see the great need of law
enforcement agency to guard its borders. For ten
troublesome years after General Sam Houston defeated and
captured the Mexican Santa Anna at San Jacinto on April 1,
1836, Texas held her own and was an independent republic
recognized by foreign countries and the United States.
Her first national flag was azure (the blue of the sky)
with a central golden star (the lone star, its nickname).
It was hemmed in by the Indian frontier over the
prairies from the Gulf of Mexico to Red River and by the
Mexican border along the shifting Rio Grande thus outlying
settlements were points of attack. This emergency gave
rise to the famous Texas Rangers, of whom it is said, could
ride like Mexicans, trail like Indians, shoot like Kentuckians
and fight like the devil. The first ranger force was
organized in 1835 and its purpose was to guard Texas borders
and hunt down cattle rustlers. Just one hundred years
later in 1935 it was made branch of public safety department
and charged with enforcement of the criminal laws.
In the old days before the automobile, the rangers way
of traveling was on horseback. He was furnished with the
very best, his regalia was similar to that of the cowboy.
His saddle was of the heavy stock type made of dark red
leather, studded with gaudy, brass metal rosettes, fastened on
with long heavy lace leather strings; large saddle pockets and
in many instances the pockets were covered with the skin or
the fur of the antelope, goat, or steer, colored in black, tan
or brown. His saddle was equipped with leather slings to
hold a 44 caliber Winchester, which fit in under the stirrup
strap and could be withdrawn at a moment’s notice. His
dress was not so gaudy as that of the cowboy, but was of such
that he could easily recognized anywhere. His hat was
usually white (Stetson) of the so called 10 gallon type, dark
coat and trousers. The most distinguished
feature of the ranger was his nice, high heeled boots,
O.K. spurs and the broad leather belt studded in places with
many glass sets and bright metal rivets. Half around on
either side were rows of brass shelled cartridges.
The belt was held together with a large bright
shiny buckle, and swinging from his belt in easy reach of his
right hand was his constant companion, a 44 caliber pistol of
the early frontier type and in many instances
equipped with pearl handles or some other gaudy material.
The holster was made of heavy leather and also studded
with many gaudy rivets and glass settings. He really
looked to the outlaw or even the boy who might have thought at
some time of putting his brand on a stray steer, to be a real
tough hombre and one to be feared. Many of them wore
long handled bar mustaches, their skin tanned to almost the
color of a Mexican. They were the real outdoor hard
riding, straight shooting, brave men of the border. Many
times my father would keep one or more of them overnight
and how I envied their belts and pistols, after they had taken
them off and hung them near their beds, and longed for
the time when I would large and brave enough to be a state
ranger and wear pistols and belts full of cartridges like
theirs. I finally grew up large enough but not brave
enough, at any rate I did not become a Texas Ranger but turned
my thoughts to the study of medicine instead.
The automobile and motorcycle, buses, and railroads have
changed the old time rangers force now to where there is very
little resemblance to that of the early west.
The ways and customs of the once wild and wooly west has
practically disappeared. However, there is one small
remote section on may visit which yet, to some extent,
resembles early days and that is along the Mexican border
toward the southwest and along the treacherous Rio Grande, the
Davis Mountains. Mountains, yes one could hardly
conceive of mountains peaks that far toward the coast reaching
their peaks into the sky to an elevation of the 2,000 feet
above sea level. There is, however, rugged country in
many places which probably has never been visited by a human
being. I believe this immense body of land with its
mountains, creeks and forests has now been made a state of
wild life preserve and is guarded by full time state wardens
who must make their journeys through the forest on horseback
and lonesome trails for miles and miles where no one lives or
is a single sign of human habitation. I am told that
many kinds of wild life exists in these forests, the wolf,
coyote and loafer, mountain lion, a few bear and antelope, but
no buffalo, once the greatest game of them all.
Then the smaller population of wild things, the diamond
rattler, skunks, mountain boomers (a large lizard), the horned
frog, the chapperell and the bald eagle and most all other
wildlife that once roamed the state during its wilderness
days.
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THE WARDEN'S STORY
To give one some idea of the remoteness and isolation of
this section from the outside world, I shall quote a game
warden’s story of his own experience in this section.
He was on duty not many years back and he was riding
through the mountains one day when he looked across a deep
canyon and saw smoke. This was unusual as he knew no one
had business there for it was not in hunting season, so he
left the trail and wound his way through the brush and scenery
and stopped his horse upon a small rise. Looking through
his field glasses he saw four men, their horses, a small tent,
and hanging from different trees, two deer and a wild turkey.
The men were hardly through skinning the deer when he
rode up and introduced himself as a game warden. The men
were tough looking and cast sullen glances. One of them
sat on a stump, two were standing and the other still dressing
his deer. The one on the stump called out in sarcastic
tones, "Bill this is the game warden. See, meet the
game warden." To which Bill replied, with an
exaggerated bow and in sarcastic tones, "Delighted,
Warden, delighted indeed to meet you". The Warden
saw that he was in a rather perilous position since the man on
the stump held beside him a 44 caliber Winchester and two or
three more guns stood propped against a tree nearby.
They talked to him in a rather belligerent tone of
voice, sometimes laughing and winking to one another. He
saw that he could not arrest them because he was outnumbered
four to one, so he realized the best thing to do was to ease
out of the situation the best possible way he could. He
told them they were hunting out of season and there would be a
small fine and if one of them would accompany him to the
nearest town the others might remain until the man returned.
They all laughed, the stump man we shall call him, said,
"Bill, the Warden has invited me to ride over to town
with him, ain’t he nice? It’s only thirty miles by
trail, you know." Bill replied, "By all means
accompany the Warden, it’s possible he may be afraid to go
alone and the trail is so desolate and lonesome for just one
man, or perhaps the Warden had rather spend the night with us,
or probably longer than just one night. He seems to be
so nice." One of the other men spoke up and said,
"Perhaps the Warden would like a cool shady place to
lie down and sleep, where no one would disturb him and
he could rest for quite a while". They all
laughed. Bill said, "Warden, this is a very
secluded place here, or shall I say just over the rim of the
canyon there. By golly! That is a deep spooky
looking place isn’t it, Warden? You know I was just
thinking if one were to lose his balance and topple over the
cliff there might be years before his carcass would be found,
probably never." One of them said, " I heard
one time of a game Warden losing his balance in just such a
place. The report is he was not found for more than a
year and it seems that no one ever did know how it happened or
who he was with at the time. Some said he was making an
arrest for out of season game killing. At any rate the
poor devil’s carcass was found and mourned by friends just
like he was a respectful citizen." The Warden
stated that he saw what he was up against, and playing
for further time to ease out of the situation he said, "I’ll
tell you gentlemen, it is a long way to town and if you will
all chip in and pay a small fine, we will call it quits and
there will be nothing further said of the matter."
"Well," the stumpman said more sarcastically
than ever, "Let’s get down to business, Warden.
Here is the lowdown on the matter. If you are
going to fine us, or arrest us, which of course, is your
duty," all laughing, "It looks to us like you should
have brought somebody else with you just in case you might
need them." Now they all stood up near their guns.
Bill was the spokesman, again. He said,
"Well, Warden, we are not going with you and we are not
going to be arrested, neither are we going to pay a fine.
We all live at Pecos City, only about two hundred miles
away and we want to be nice, as you can see, so we will make
you this proposition: We will give you our names and as
soon as we get home and through eating our deer and turkey;
and of course we will be very busy with our other work
for a few days, we will then ride down and pay our fines.
Now Warden, isn’t that a fair way to do business with
you? Our opinion is, that this would be a good deal for
you. You can look at us and see for yourself that
we are good pious, law-abiding citizens and surely you would
not distrust us since we have all gotten acquainted and I now
make a motion that we adjourn. Do I hear anything to the
contrary? If not, here are our names, and we declare the
meeting adjourned. It has been a pleasure Warden, I
assure you, to thus have met you." So waving his
hand down the trail, he said, "Now vamoose."
He took the names knowing full well they were aliases
and he would never see or hear of them again, but he left
(vamoosed) and after getting back to his office, he telephoned
the officers at Pecos but was informed there was no one lived
there by any of the names he held. So says the Warden,
"I am through as game warden for the Big Bend
country," as it was called. "I think too much
of my life to take any more chances."
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CONCLUSION
In having written this short
narrative of some of the earlier days in western Texas, I have
done so, trusting that it may prove interesting especially to
those individuals who may be inclined like myself; who love
the open spaces as this country was at that time. It now
scarcely resembles that of the old days, neither are the
customs the same.
Cattlemen of the open range at
that time bitterly advised against plowing under the grass for
farmland. In my mind, no doubt they were correct, for
the mesquite grass, which was everywhere, densely matted
over the broad prairies, was of a semi-arid nature
adapted to that country and when plowed under, does not ever
replenish itself. There never has yet, nor ever will be
another grass introduced which can take its place for grazing
purposes.
So we bid a farewell to once
one of the greatest cattle countries in the world, for this is
a changing part of the laws according to nature, which we ever
see taking place daily.
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THE END
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